Months 13-18

Offers and shows toys to others²⁶

Interacts with peers^{33, 39}

Laughs at events that deviate from everyday experiences⁴²

Gives affection to toys⁴¹

Increase in temper tantrums⁴¹

Uses appropriate emotional responses and self control⁴¹

Asserts independence by saying “no” ⁴¹

Uses actions to help when aware of another’s pain through touch and offering objects⁴¹

Is persistent in task accomplishment⁴¹

Capable of turn-taking⁴¹

Emergence of pride, shame, guilt, and jealousy⁴¹

Shows frustration with inability to express self and wishes⁴¹

Gets upset if routine is changed⁴¹

Shows anger by hitting, biting, and screaming⁴¹

Demonstrates awareness of caregiver’s expectations and requests⁴¹

Seeks attention and praise for good behavior^{33, 41}

Awareness of failure⁴¹

Autonomy and exploration important but still stays in touch with caregiver⁴¹

Sets limits on others⁴¹

Can engage in 20-30 circles of communication (verbal, gesture or physical) ⁴¹