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"…وَمَا خَلَقۡنَا السَّمَآءَ وَالۡاَرۡضَ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا بَاطِلًا…"
"...AND WE (THE ALLAH, THE CREATOR OF THE COSMIC) DID NOT CREATE THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND THAT (ALL) BETWEEN THEM, AIMLESSLY....."
The Divine Holy Book Al-Quran: Chapter: 38 Verse: 27
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Divine Knowledge = Perpetual Scientific Advancement
Divine Knowledge = Perpetual Scientific Advancement
Quran and Scientific Themes
Quran and Scientific Themes
Explained 1,400+ Years Ago
Explained 1,400+ Years Ago
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"ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ ١ عَلَّمَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ ٢ خَلَقَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ ٣ عَلَّمَهُ ٱلْبَيَانَ ٤ ٱلشَّمْسُ وَٱلْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍۢ ٥ وَٱلنَّجْمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ ٦ وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلْمِيزَانَ ٧..."
"ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ ١ عَلَّمَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ ٢ خَلَقَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ ٣ عَلَّمَهُ ٱلْبَيَانَ ٤ ٱلشَّمْسُ وَٱلْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍۢ ٥ وَٱلنَّجْمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ ٦ وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلْمِيزَانَ ٧..."
"ALLAH (The Creator and Sustainer of the Cosmic) The Most Compassionate, Taught the Quran, Created Humanity, and Taught them Speech. The Sun and the Moon Travel with precision. The stars and the trees bow down in submission. As for the sky, ALLAH raised it high, and Set the Balance of Justice..."
"ALLAH (The Creator and Sustainer of the Cosmic) The Most Compassionate, Taught the Quran, Created Humanity, and Taught them Speech. The Sun and the Moon Travel with precision. The stars and the trees bow down in submission. As for the sky, ALLAH raised it high, and Set the Balance of Justice..."
The Divine Holy Book Al-Quran: Chapter: 55 Verse: 1 - 7
"سَنُرِيهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِنَا فِى ٱلْـَٔافَاقِ وَفِىٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۗ
أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ شَهِيدٌ"
“We (THE ALLAH) will show them (the mankind) Our (THE ALLAH) Signs in the Universe, and in their (the Mankind) Own Selves, until it becomes manifest to them (the Mankind) that this (the Quran) is THE TRUTH”
The Divine Holy Book Al-Quran: Chapter: 41 Verse: 53
MUGHALS Digital Libraries
MUGHALS Digital Libraries
Project Launched on 9th May 1984
Muslims and Evolution of Science
Muslim Scientists Transformational Inventions
Manuscript is a medical work Library of Congress
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"...Indeed, We (THE ALLAH) Created the Heavens and the Earth and Everything in Between in Six Days..."
Al-Quran 50:38 Surah Noor 24 - Ayat 35
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Quran: “We (THE ALLAH) have spread out the Earth, and dropped into Earth what anchors it (Gravity)"
Science: Gravity Balances The Matter
Ibn Al Haytham The Father of Computational Sciences
Ibn Al Haytham The Father of Computational Sciences
Inventions and the World of
Inventions and the World of
Ibn Al Haytham
Ibn Al Haytham
Al-Jazari - Master Engineer and Father of Robotics
Al-Jazari - Master Engineer and Father of Robotics
Inventions and the Library of Secrets - Sir Ben Kingsley
Inventions and the Library of Secrets - Sir Ben Kingsley
10 Muslim Inventions
10 Muslim Inventions
Community Development; Universities....
Community Development; Universities....
10 Jewish Discoveries
10 Jewish Discoveries
Genetic Engineering; Nuclear Weapon....
Genetic Engineering; Nuclear Weapon....
Great Great Muslim Scientists Series
Great Great Muslim Scientists Series
Legacy
Legacy
1. The "Father of Algebra"
1. The "Father of Algebra"
2. Influenced scholars like Fibonacci, Euclid, and Descartes
2. Influenced scholars like Fibonacci, Euclid, and Descartes
3. Recognized as a pioneer in mathematics, astronomy, and geography
3. Recognized as a pioneer in mathematics, astronomy, and geography
4. Remembered for his contributions to the scientific method and education
4. Remembered for his contributions to the scientific method and education
5. European Renaissance: His works were translated into Latin, influencing European scholars.
5. European Renaissance: His works were translated into Latin, influencing European scholars.
Contributions
Contributions
1. Algebra: Al-Khwarizmi's book "Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) introduced Algebraic Methods, Equations, and Solutions.
1. Algebra: Al-Khwarizmi's book "Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) introduced Algebraic Methods, Equations, and Solutions.
2. Algorithm: The term "algorithm" is derived from his name, Al-Khwarizmi.
2. Algorithm: The term "algorithm" is derived from his name, Al-Khwarizmi.
3. Mathematics: Contributed to number theory, geometry, and trigonometry.
3. Mathematics: Contributed to number theory, geometry, and trigonometry.
4. Astronomy: Wrote on solar and lunar eclipses, planetary motion, and astronomical tables.
4. Astronomy: Wrote on solar and lunar eclipses, planetary motion, and astronomical tables.
5. Geography: Created maps and wrote on geography, including a book on the coordinates of cities.
5. Geography: Created maps and wrote on geography, including a book on the coordinates of cities.
Influence
Influence
1. European Renaissance: His works were translated into Latin, influencing European scholars.
1. European Renaissance: His works were translated into Latin, influencing European scholars.
2. Islamic Mathematics: Established Islamic mathematics as a distinct field.
2. Islamic Mathematics: Established Islamic mathematics as a distinct field.
4. Education: His books became standard textbooks in Islamic schools.
4. Education: His books became standard textbooks in Islamic schools.
Notable Works
Notable Works
1. Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing)
1. Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing)
2. Kitab al-urjuzah fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (The Poem on Algebra)
2. Kitab al-urjuzah fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (The Poem on Algebra)
3. Kitab al-tarikh (The Book of History)
3. Kitab al-tarikh (The Book of History)
4. Kitab al-sura wa'l-jabr (The Book on Geometry and Algebra)
4. Kitab al-sura wa'l-jabr (The Book on Geometry and Algebra)
Tributes
Tributes
1. Al-Khwarizmi crater on the Moon
1. Al-Khwarizmi crater on the Moon
2. Al-Khwarizmi University in Uzbekistan
2. Al-Khwarizmi University in Uzbekistan
3. Al-Khwarizmi Award for outstanding contributions to mathematics and computer science
3. Al-Khwarizmi Award for outstanding contributions to mathematics and computer science
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"...يُؤۡتِي ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَمَن يُؤۡتَ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ فَقَدۡ أُوتِيَ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗاۗ..."
"...يُؤۡتِي ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَمَن يُؤۡتَ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ فَقَدۡ أُوتِيَ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗاۗ..."
"...HE (THE ALLAH, THE CREATOR OF THE COSMIC) Gives wisdom to whom He (THE ALLAH) Wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been given much good..."
"...HE (THE ALLAH, THE CREATOR OF THE COSMIC) Gives wisdom to whom He (THE ALLAH) Wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been given much good..."
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"...But Allah, The Creator of Cosmos-The Sustainer-The Enricher, has Permitted Trade and Forbidden Riba (Usury, Interest)..." Al-Quran Baqarah, 2:276
"...But Allah, The Creator of Cosmos-The Sustainer-The Enricher, has Permitted Trade and Forbidden Riba (Usury, Interest)..." Al-Quran Baqarah, 2:276
"Islamic Economics is a comprehensive and independent Economic System which defines economic principles in accordance with Islamic law and taking into account, all aspects of human life: the spiritual, material, social and political aspects, at both Microeconomic and Macroeconomic levels".
"Islamic Economics is a comprehensive and independent Economic System which defines economic principles in accordance with Islamic law and taking into account, all aspects of human life: the spiritual, material, social and political aspects, at both Microeconomic and Macroeconomic levels".
Islamic Economic System fundamental Principles include Socio-Economic Justice; Market Economy, Right of Ownership (Individual or of enterprise) and Regulated Competitive Environments.
Islamic Economic System fundamental Principles include Socio-Economic Justice; Market Economy, Right of Ownership (Individual or of enterprise) and Regulated Competitive Environments.
Muslim Economy Share
Muslim Economy Share
Global Consumer Spending Market
Global Consumer Spending Market
2012 = US $1.62 trillion
2012 = US $1.62 trillion
2023 = US $2.29 trillion
2023 = US $2.29 trillion
Growth Rate Over 41%
Growth Rate Over 41%
E(R)i=E(R)z+(E(I)−E(R)z)×βn
E(R)i=E(R)z+(E(I)−E(R)z)×βn
where:
where:
E(R)i=Expected return on the asset
E(R)i=Expected return on the asset
Rz=Risk-free rate of return
Rz=Risk-free rate of return
βn=Sensitivity of the asset price to macroeconomicfactor n
βn=Sensitivity of the asset price to macroeconomicfactor n
Ei=Risk premium associated with factor i
Ei=Risk premium associated with factor i
A mutual company is a private firm that is owned by its members , customers or policyholders. The company's customers are also its owners. As such, they are entitled to receive a share of the profits generated by the mutual company.
A mutual company is a private firm that is owned by its members , customers or policyholders. The company's customers are also its owners. As such, they are entitled to receive a share of the profits generated by the mutual company.
The distribution of profits is typically made in the form of dividends paid on a pro rata basis, based on the amount of business each customer conducts with the mutual company. Alternately, some mutual companies choose to use their profits to reduce members' premiums.
The distribution of profits is typically made in the form of dividends paid on a pro rata basis, based on the amount of business each customer conducts with the mutual company. Alternately, some mutual companies choose to use their profits to reduce members' premiums.
A mutual company is sometimes referred to as a cooperative.
A mutual company is sometimes referred to as a cooperative.
Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is a multi-factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset's returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset’s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk. It is a useful tool for analyzing portfolios from a Value Investing perspective, in order to identify securities that may be temporarily mispriced.
Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is a multi-factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset's returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset’s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk. It is a useful tool for analyzing portfolios from a Value Investing perspective, in order to identify securities that may be temporarily mispriced.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
KEY TAKEAWAYS
👉 Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is a multi-factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset's returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset’s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk.
👉 Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is a multi-factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset's returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset’s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk.
👉 Unlike the CAPM, which assumes markets are perfectly efficient, APT assumes markets sometimes misprice securities, before the market eventually corrects and securities move back to fair value.
👉 Unlike the CAPM, which assumes markets are perfectly efficient, APT assumes markets sometimes misprice securities, before the market eventually corrects and securities move back to fair value.
👉 Using APT, arbitrageurs hope to take advantage of any deviations from fair market value.
👉 Using APT, arbitrageurs hope to take advantage of any deviations from fair market value.
E(R)i=E(R)z+(E(I)−E(R)z)×βn
E(R)i=E(R)z+(E(I)−E(R)z)×βn
where:
where:
E(R)i=Expected return on the asset
E(R)i=Expected return on the asset
Rz=Risk-free rate of return
Rz=Risk-free rate of return
βn=Sensitivity of the asset price to macroeconomicfactor n
βn=Sensitivity of the asset price to macroeconomicfactor n
Ei=Risk premium associated with factor i
Ei=Risk premium associated with factor i
While APT is more flexible than the CAPM, it is more complex. The CAPM only takes into account one factor—market risk—while the APT formula has multiple factors. And it takes a considerable amount of research to determine how sensitive a security is to various macroeconomic risks.
While APT is more flexible than the CAPM, it is more complex. The CAPM only takes into account one factor—market risk—while the APT formula has multiple factors. And it takes a considerable amount of research to determine how sensitive a security is to various macroeconomic risks.
The factors as well as how many of them are used are subjective choices, which means investors will have varying results depending on their choice. However, four or five factors will usually explain most of a security's return. (For more on the differences between the CAPM and APT, read more about how CAPM and ATP differ.)
The factors as well as how many of them are used are subjective choices, which means investors will have varying results depending on their choice. However, four or five factors will usually explain most of a security's return. (For more on the differences between the CAPM and APT, read more about how CAPM and ATP differ.)
APT factors are the systematic risk that cannot be reduced by the diversification of an investment portfolio. The macroeconomic factors that have proven most reliable as price predictors include unexpected changes in inflation, Gross National Product (GNP), corporate bond spreads and shifts in the yield curve.
APT factors are the systematic risk that cannot be reduced by the diversification of an investment portfolio. The macroeconomic factors that have proven most reliable as price predictors include unexpected changes in inflation, Gross National Product (GNP), corporate bond spreads and shifts in the yield curve.
Other commonly used factors are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), commodities prices, market indices, and exchange rates.
Other commonly used factors are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), commodities prices, market indices, and exchange rates.
Monetary System components include a set of Policies, Regulatory Frameworks, and Institutions by which a Government Creates Money in an economy. Such institutions include the Mint, the Central Bank, Treasury, and other Financial Institutions.
Monetary System components include a set of Policies, Regulatory Frameworks, and Institutions by which a Government Creates Money in an economy. Such institutions include the Mint, the Central Bank, Treasury, and other Financial Institutions.
There are Three Common Types of Monetary Systems;
There are Three Common Types of Monetary Systems;
1. Commodity Money
1. Commodity Money
2. Commodity-based Money
2. Commodity-based Money
3. Fiat Money
3. Fiat Money
👉 World Bank Group Policy Challenges for Emerging and Developing Economies
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