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Strategic Assets Management Systems Advisors (ISO 55000)
Aerospace | Agriculture | AI-Ilm | AI Economy | Deep Space
Economy | Education | Energy | Logistics | Manufacturing
Mining | Optical Systems | Technology | Water
AL-ILM
"AND WE (THE ALLAH, THE CREATOR OF COSMOS, THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE, THE SUSTAINER) DID NOT CREATE THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND THAT (ALL) BETWEEN THEM, AIMLESSLY....."
The Divine Holy Book Al-Quran: Chapter: 38 Verse: 27
Hyperlinks & images open new windowQuran, The Divine Commandment,
1,400+ Years Ago Provided
Fundamental Scientific Principles
Ranges From Basic Arithmetics To
The Most Complexed Astrophysics and Deep Space
Pondering Divine Knowledge = Perpetual Scientific Advancements
430+ pages draft Encyclopedia of Muslim Inventors
Period under review: BC 2000 - 1985
Insha ALLAH, soon will be available online, free
"Father of Algebra; Algorithm; Astronomy; Geography; Mathematics"
are based on The Divine Knowledge Derived From
The HOLY AL-QURAN and Teachings of
ALLAH's Last Messenger Hazrat Muhammed Peace Be Upon Him
👉Demarcation and Distribution of Property توزيع األمالك
👉Inheritance الميراث (Justice based Property Distribution System)
👉Zakat الزكاة (Justice based Wealth Distribution System)
👉Qibla Direction اتجاه القبلة (Navigational System; Modern GPS)
Al-Khwarizmi Laws
Numerical: 1 2 4 5 3 2 3 4 3 5 7 9; Ones, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands,...Zillions
Atomic Decimals: 01 .000,000,000,000,000,001,xxx
Equation Types: 1. Linear Equations (e.g., 2x + 3 = 5)
2. Quadratic Equations (e.g., x^2 + 4x + 4 = 0)
3. Polynomial Equations (e.g., x^3 - 2x^2 + x - 1 = 0)
4. Rational Equations (e.g., 1/x + 1/y = 3)
Equation Solving Mathematical Operations: Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction and Division
Order of Operations: 1. Parentheses 2. Exponents 3. Multiplication and
Division (from left to right) 4. Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)
Equation Solving Techniques: 1. Addition and Subtraction Method
2. Multiplication and Division Method
3. Factoring Method; 4. Quadratic Formula; 5. Graphical Method
Algebraic Properties: 1. Commutative Property (a + b = b + a);
2. Associative Property (a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c)
3. Distributive Property (a(b + c) = ab + ac)
4. Identity Property (a + 0 = a)
5. Inverse Property (a × 1/a = 1)
Weights and Measurements
Surface Area of Circle and Triangle
Volume of Pyramid and Cone
Equations Solving Procedures
Surveys
Sale and Purchase and Commercial Transactions Solutions
Division/Distribution of Currency - Money Supply Chain
Weights and Measures
Measurement of a Flat Land
Some Key Mathematical Operations to Solve Equations
- Simplification
- Factoring
- Canceling
- Multiplying by a reciprocal
- Adding or subtracting the same value to both sides
Al-Khwarizmi Legacy (Partial)
1. The "Father of Algebra, Algorithm, Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography"
2. Influenced scholars like Fibonacci, Euclid, and Descartes
3. Recognized as a pioneer in mathematics, astronomy, and geography
4. Remembered for his contributions to the scientific method and education
5. European Renaissance: His works were translated into Latin, influencing European scholars.
Al-Khwarizmi Contributions (Partial)
1. Algebra: Al-Khwarizmi's book "Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) introduced Algebraic Methods, Equations, and Solutions.
2. Algorithm: The term "algorithm" is derived from his name, Al-Khwarizmi.
3. Mathematics: Contributed to number theory, geometry, and trigonometry.
4. Astronomy: Wrote on solar and lunar eclipses, planetary motion, and astronomical tables.
5. Geography: Created maps and wrote on geography, including a book on the coordinates of cities.
Al-Khwarizmi Influence (Partial)
1. European Renaissance: His works were translated into Latin, influencing European scholars.
2. Islamic Mathematics: Established Islamic mathematics as a distinct field.
3. Scientific Method: Emphasized empirical observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning.
4. Education: His books became standard textbooks in Islamic schools.
Al-Khwarizmi Notable Works (Partial)
1. Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing)
2. Kitab al-urjuzah fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (The Poem on Algebra)
3. Kitab al-tarikh (The Book of History)
4. Kitab al-sura wa'l-jabr (The Book on Geometry and Algebra)
Al-Khwarizmi Tributes (Partial)
1. Al-Khwarizmi crater on the Moon
2. Al-Khwarizmi University in Uzbekistan
3. Al-Khwarizmi Award for outstanding contributions to mathematics and computer science
E(R)i=E(R)z+(E(I)−E(R)z)×βn
where:
E(R)i=Expected return on the asset
Rz=Risk-free rate of return
βn=Sensitivity of the asset price to macroeconomicfactor n
Ei=Risk premium associated with factor i
Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is a multi-factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset's returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset’s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk. It is a useful tool for analyzing portfolios from a Value Investing perspective, in order to identify securities that may be temporarily mispriced.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
👉 Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is a multi-factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset's returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset’s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk.
👉 Unlike the CAPM, which assumes markets are perfectly efficient, APT assumes markets sometimes mispriced securities, before the market eventually corrects and securities move back to fair value.
👉 Using APT, arbitrageurs hope to take advantage of any deviations from fair market value.
E(R)i=E(R)z+(E(I)−E(R)z)×βn
where:
E(R)i=Expected return on the asset
Rz=Risk-free rate of return
βn=Sensitivity of the asset price to macroeconomicfactor n
Ei=Risk premium associated with factor i
While APT is more flexible than the CAPM, it is more complex. The CAPM only takes into account one factor—market risk—while the APT formula has multiple factors. And it takes a considerable amount of research to determine how sensitive a security is to various macroeconomic risks.
The factors as well as how many of them are used are subjective choices, which means investors will have varying results depending on their choice. However, four or five factors will usually explain most of a security's return. (For more on the differences between the CAPM and APT, read more about how CAPM and arbitrage pricing theory differ.)
APT factors are the systematic risk that cannot be reduced by the diversification of an investment portfolio. The macroeconomic factors that have proven most reliable as price predictors include unexpected changes in inflation, Gross National Product (GNP), corporate bond spreads and shifts in the yield curve.
Other commonly used factors are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), commodities prices, market indices, and exchange rates.
In modern times, a mutual company is a Legal Entity that is owned by its customers or policyholders. The company's customers are also its owners. As such, they are entitled to receive a share of the profits generated by the mutual company.
The distribution of profits is typically made in the form of dividends paid on a pro rata basis, based on the amount of business each customer conducts with the mutual company. Alternately, some mutual companies choose to use their profits to reduce members' premiums.
The Legal Entity is also referred to as a Cooperative.
Monetary System components include a set of Policies, Regulatory Frameworks, and Institutions by which a Government Creates Money in an economy. Such institutions include the Mint, the Central Bank, Treasury, and other Financial Institutions.
There are Three Common Types of Monetary Systems;
1. Commodity Money
2. Commodity-based Money
3. Fiat Money
👉 IMF Monetary Policy in the Presence of Islamic Banking
👉 Monetary Policy and Central Banks
👉 OECD Economic Policy Reforms
👉 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) RESOLUTIONS ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
👉 United Nations ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
👉 USA Federal Reserve System Monetary Policy Principles and Practice
👉 World Bank Group Policy Challenges for Emerging and Developing Economies