Ok, so conclusions, in my mind, are almost as important as introductions. They leave that final impression. However, they aren't always easy. What do you say? What do you not say? Before I dive into any of that, let me give you this point of warning: Never give new information in a conclusion. Conclusions conclude. New information=new start.
Formula for Lower-Level Writing (REFERENCE FOR ELA I or 1st Semester ELA II):
I'm going to give you a formula for introductory level writing first. The most straightforward way to write a conclusion is to open with a transition, restate your thesis, summarize each of your points in one sentence per point, and then conclude by restating the thesis one more time. AGAIN, this is only for beginning level writing. Here's an example:
In conclusion [TRANSITION], heroes represent ideals[RESTATED THESIS]. Americans idealize several characteristics including: humor, humanity, and the unexpected [CONTINUATION OF RESTATED THESIS]. Spider-man is an American hero because he embodies these traits[CONTINUATION OF RESTATED THESIS]. Using humor, he copes with the varying trials he must overcome[POINT ONE]. Yet, he does so without grace or perfection because he, too, is still human[POINT TWO]. Nonetheless, through tribulation and mistakes, and against all odds, he emerges victorious[POINT THREE]. Spider-man is a quintessential American hero[FINAL RESTATEMENT OF THESIS].
BUT WAIT, THERE'S MORE:
Following the formula above is helpful for basic, lower-level writing, but will not work for collegiate pieces. In fact, there is no good formula for writing conclusions. Here are a few points to consider:
1. Do something in your introduction worth coming back to. For example, if you start with an illustration, revive the illustration at the end. If you have statistics, or a quote, or...whatever you do to hook your audience... find a way to echo that effect in the conclusion. BUT just the effect...not the actual wording; that's redundant.
2. For your final sentence, try using parallel structure and a short condensed thought (see the Harvard link below)
3. Use a quote that exemplifies how you're trying to wrap up your thoughts and expound upon it.
4. Look at the broader implication of your argument and connect them for the reader.
5. Call for action, or make a prediction.
6. Don't be afraid of a solid summary.
HERE ARE A FEW HELPFUL LINKS: