e) Angiography

We use omnipaque 300 (nonionic contrast)

Historically, it was very important to use the correct ionic contrast. Some agents OK for use in the periphery (and heart), with high Sodium content would cause seizures (renograffin-76) while others (e.g. Conray 60 (282 mgI/ml) with more Meglumine) were safe for cerebral angio. (this agent would cause arrhythmias when used for cardiac cath.)

There are different ways to describe injection techniques

We use rate [ml/sec] and total volume [ml] some use rate and time

for an ICA injection: 8 [ml/sec] 8 [ml]

for an ECA injection: 3 [ml/sec] 6 [ml]

for a vertebral injection: 6 [ml/sec] 8 [ml]

Complications

Air embolism is a rare but serious potential complication. This is a case report from 1984.

http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/jns.1984.60.1.0177

Reference (from Chris Moosavi):

http://user.shikoku.ne.jp/tobrains/exam/Angio/Angio-e.html