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Construct a tree from Inorder and Level order traversals
Construct a tree from Inorder and Level order traversals
Given inorder and level-order traversals of a Binary Tree, construct the Binary Tree. Following is an example to illustrate the problem.
Input: Two arrays that represent Inorder and level order traversals of a Binary Tree in[] = {4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20, 22}; level[] = {20, 8, 22, 4, 12, 10, 14}; Output: Construct the tree represented by the two arrays. For the above two arrays, the constructed tree is shown in the diagram on right side
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The following post can be considered as a prerequisite for this.
Construct Tree from given Inorder and Preorder traversals
Let us consider the above example.
in[] = {4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20, 22};
level[] = {20, 8, 22, 4, 12, 10, 14};
In a Levelorder sequence, the first element is the root of the tree. So we know ’20′ is root for given sequences. By searching ’20′ in Inorder sequence, we can find out all elements on left side of ‘20’ are in left subtree and elements on right are in right subtree. So we know below structure now.
20 / \ / \ {4,8,10,12,14} {22}
Let us call {4,8,10,12,14} as left subarray in Inorder traversal and {22} as right subarray in Inorder traversal.
In level order traversal, keys of left and right subtrees are not consecutive. So we extract all nodes from level order traversal which are in left subarray of Inorder traversal. To construct the left subtree of root, we recur for the extracted elements from level order traversal and left subarray of inorder traversal. In the above example, we recur for following two arrays.
// Recur for following arrays to construct the left subtree In[] = {4, 8, 10, 12, 14} level[] = {8, 4, 12, 10, 14}
Similarly, we recur for following two arrays and construct the right subtree.
// Recur for following arrays to construct the right subtree In[] = {22} level[] = {22}
Following is C++ implementation of the above approach.
/* program to construct tree using inorder and levelorder traversals */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/* A binary tree node */
struct Node
{
int key;
struct Node* left, *right;
};
/* Function to find index of value in arr[start...end] */
int search(int arr[], int strt, int end, int value)
{
for (int i = strt; i <= end; i++)
if (arr[i] == value)
return i;
return -1;
}
// n is size of level[], m is size of in[] and m < n. This
// function extracts keys from level[] which are present in
// in[]. The order of extracted keys must be maintained
int *extrackKeys(int in[], int level[], int m, int n)
{
int *newlevel = new int[m], j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (search(in, 0, m-1, level[i]) != -1)
newlevel[j] = level[i], j++;
return newlevel;
}
/* function that allocates a new node with the given key */
Node* newNode(int key)
{
Node *node = new Node;
node->key = key;
node->left = node->right = NULL;
return (node);
}
/* Recursive function to construct binary tree of size n from
Inorder traversal in[] and Level Order traversal level[].
inSrt and inEnd are start and end indexes of array in[]
Initial values of inStrt and inEnd should be 0 and n -1.
The function doesn't do any error checking for cases
where inorder and levelorder do not form a tree */
Node* buildTree(int in[], int level[], int inStrt, int inEnd, int n)
{
// If start index is more than the end index
if (inStrt > inEnd)
return NULL;
/* The first node in level order traversal is root */
Node *root = newNode(level[0]);
/* If this node has no children then return */
if (inStrt == inEnd)
return root;
/* Else find the index of this node in Inorder traversal */
int inIndex = search(in, inStrt, inEnd, root->key);
// Extract left subtree keys from level order traversal
int *llevel = extrackKeys(in, level, inIndex, n);
// Extract right subtree keys from level order traversal
int *rlevel = extrackKeys(in + inIndex + 1, level, n-inIndex-1, n);
/* construct left and right subtress */
root->left = buildTree(in, llevel, inStrt, inIndex-1, n);
root->right = buildTree(in, rlevel, inIndex+1, inEnd, n);
// Free memory to avoid memory leak
delete [] llevel;
delete [] rlevel;
return root;
}
/* Uti;ity function to print inorder traversal of binary tree */
void printInorder(Node* node)
{
if (node == NULL)
return;
printInorder(node->left);
cout << node->key << " ";
printInorder(node->right);
}
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main()
{
int in[] = {4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20, 22};
int level[] = {20, 8, 22, 4, 12, 10, 14};
int n = sizeof(in)/sizeof(in[0]);
Node *root = buildTree(in, level, 0, n - 1, n);
/* Let us test the built tree by printing Insorder traversal */
cout << "Inorder traversal of the constructed tree is \n";
printInorder(root);
return 0;
}
Output:
Inorder traversal of the constructed tree is 4 8 10 12 14 20 22
An upper bound on time complexity of above method is O(n3). In the main recursive function, extractNodes() is called which takes O(n2) time.
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