[G.CO.4] Congruence #4
Objective
Common Core Text:
[G.CO.4] Develop definitions of rotations, reflections, and translations in terms of angles, circles, perpendicular lines, parallel lines, and line segments
Said Differently:
That's actually a pretty good way of saying it
Example
Define Reflection
Every point is the same distance from the line of reflection as its image
Every point and its image create a line segment that is perpendicular to the line of reflection
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Explanation
By now, you know what translations, rotations, and reflections are. However, you would probably have to talk about things like "spin around" or "mirror image", which aren't mathematically solid terms. Here, you will learn precise definitions of translation, rotation, and reflection.
Reflection
Here we have a parallelogram being reflected across a line. The line has a slope of 1. Lets notice some things
Length from E to A = 2
Length from E to A' (the image of A) = 2
Length from F to B = 2
Length from F to B' (the image of B) = 2
You can see that every point is the same distance from the line of reflection as its image
The second thing is trickier. Let's connect the points to their images. In the picture below, we've connected A to A' (the image of A) and B to B' (the image of B).
The thing to notice is that these new lines are perpendicular to the line of reflection. This means every point and its image create a line segment that is perpendicular to the line of reflection
Putting our findings together, we have
Every point is the same distance from the line of reflection as its image
Every point and its image create a line segment that is perpendicular to the line of reflection
To be fancy we can go one step further. Notice that the line of reflection cuts line segments AA' and BB' in half.
Because points and their images are the same distance from the line of reflection, this will happen for any line segment between a point and its image. Therefore, instead of the 2 findings above, we could combine our findings and simply say that
The line of reflection is a perpendicular bisector to all line segments bound by a point and its image
(Notice that this doesn't apply to points that lie on the line of reflection) In this picture, E doesn't have an image because it lies on the line of reflection (or you could say that E and E' are the same point)
Translation
You already know how translations work. They move the shape
some distance
in some direction.
In math, when things have a length and a direction, we like to use little arrows called vectors. In this picture, our vector is EF.
Let's translate the shape by this vector.
Connecting the points with their images
We can see that for translation
The line segments between the points and their images are the same length as a given vector
The line segments between the points and their images are parallel to a given vector
Rotation
Rotations need:
a point to rotate around, called the center of rotation. In this picture, our center of rotation is E, which is on the origin.
an angle that tells how much it rotates in a circle, called the angle of rotation. In this picture, our angle of rotation will be 90° counter clockwise.
Rotating, we get the following
Lets connect points and their images to the center of rotation
Notice that
∠BEB' = 90°
∠DED' = 90°
In fact, any point and its image connected to the origin will create an angle equal to the given angle of rotation
Also notice that line segments
So our findings for rotation are that
Each point is the same distance from the center of rotation as its image
Each angle created by a point, the center of rotation, and its image is equal to the given angle of rotation
In Summary