Ken Fenster's Research on Earl Mann, the Crackers, 

and Integrated Baseball

Ken Fenster's research has been published elsewhere and is protected by copyright laws which prevent us from publishing on this site. However, we are able to provide links to the original publication sites where you can read his research.

Check these out!

> "Earl Mann Beats the Klan: Jackie Robinson and the First Integrated Games in Atlanta" by Ken Fenster. A look at the excitement and controversy surrounding the Brooklyn Dodgers' pre-season sojourn to Atlanta in April 1949 for a three-game series with the Crackers. (Originally published in NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture, Vol. 21 #2, Spring 2013)

> "Earl Mann, Nat Peeples, and the Failed Attempt of Integration in the Southern Association" also by Ken Fenster.  Nat Peeples appeared in two games for the Crackers in Mobile, Alabama at the beginning of the 1954 season. He never got a chance to play in Ponce De Leon Park; optioned to the Jacksonville Braves on April 17, he never again appeared in a Southern Association game. In fact, no African-American ever appeared in another Southern Association game for the rest of the league's history (the Southern Association disbanded after the 1961 season). Was his demotion a function of race prejudice, or was he just not talented enough to stick in the Southern Association?  (Originally published in NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture Vol. 12 #2, Spring 2004)