Study Guide
Chapter 9: Associations
Desmond and Emirbayer
1. Robert Putnam, the author of the modern classic Bowling Alone, American civil society
2. homophily
3. How did the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) change during the twentieth century?
4. What was one of the differences between the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the NAACP?
5. Marcus Garvey, black nationalism movement
6. Malcolm X, the resurgence of black nationalism in the 1960s
7. a success of black nationalism
8. white nationalism
9. cause of strong racial variation in civic participation
10. The Florida Effect
11. hate groups in the United States
12. identity politics
13. political correctness
14. How do the prejudices that are part of the ideologies of hate groups compare to the prejudices that come up as part of everyday life in modern American society?
15. Kathleen Blee, research on women who were involved in white supremacist groups
16. Sociologist Daniel Bell argues the digital divide is rapidly creating a gulf between the technical class, composed predominantly of _____, and the digital underclass, composed primarily of _____.
17. Online, an Arab American man can pass as a white woman, just as a white woman can pass as a Native American teenager. These virtual associations encourage a form of?
18. racial tourism
19. In America, _____ were the most likely to experience racial or religious discrimination in 2014.
20. Martin Luther King, Jr., church services on Sunday mornings
21. The whitest of all the major religions in the United States is?
22. racial homophily in religious life
23. Showing the importance of religious associations, analysts have found that whites who attend multiracial religious services _____ than those who attend all-white or majority-white services.
24. What is “boundary work”?
25. The group experiencing the lowest growth in membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows following the Civil War?
26. African American fraternal lodges and federations (such as the Masons)
27. United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), Marcus Garvey
28. Marcus Garvey, ethnic chauvinism
29. During the early-to-mid-twentieth century, labor unions largely remained racially homogenous, white-dominated, and exclusionary. When they did promote integration, as early as the late 1800s through the Civil Rights Movement, an advantage of this integration was?
30. Immigrant organizations often aim to help with adjustment to American society. For example, organizations such as the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association and the Chinese-American Planning Council did what?
31. Over the past 100 years, what has happened to social capital and civic engagement in the United States?
32. White nationalism exists in all fifty states, but participation ebbs and flows. The state with the least activity is _____, while _____ has the most white nationalist identification.
33. As the debate over immigration has intensified, the percentage of Hispanics who are the targets of reported hate crimes increased from 17 percent in 2004 to _____ percent in 2012.
34. Because we often don’t know a person’s racial identity online, many Internet users have come to regard _____ as the virtual norm.
35. Although the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was largely a white Protestant movement, formed with the explicit purpose of promoting racial and ethnic conflict, it wasn’t the only one. Another example the textbook gives is ____ associations established to wage battle with _____ ones.
36. _____ have higher rates of civic engagement and civil participation; _____ are less likely to join voluntary associations or participate in community activities.
37. the relationship among Christian religious congregations, race and ethnicity, and the neighborhoods churches are located in
38. Mainstream American society, misconceptions about American Indian spirituality and Christianity
39. When describing the African American community and religion, some scholars have argued that many residents of poor black neighborhoods are “overchurched.” What does this mean?
40. In recent polls regarding racial, gender, and religious identities, which type of presidential candidate have Americans showed the least support for?
41. A Lutheran church in a highly diverse community with a large immigrant population offers masses in English (with mostly white attendees), Spanish (with mostly Mexican attendees) and Ethiopian (with mostly Ethiopian attendees) on Sundays. This division illustrates what?
42. Asian Americans who are Christian, Asian Americans who are Buddhist
43. evangelical Christian megachurches
44. The Internet was used effectively to extend the reach of the Hawaiian language revitalization movement, demonstrating what?
45. Corey was adamant in his feeling that most people in American society no longer have severely racist attitudes toward people of other races. Joan suggested he look at the comments in online news feeds about a recent drug bust involving people of color. He was surprised by the intensity of the racist comments he found. Joan’s suggestion was an example of how effectively the idea that racism is dead can be challenged by looking at the online and virtual ways that people portray their prejudices.
46. When an individual is the victim of a hate crime, how does that crime typically impact the larger racial and ethnic community of which he or she is a part?
47. Sandy, a 19-year-old college student, was initially drawn into and became a member of the white nationalist movement through its Internet site, a professional-looking page that seemed to contain accurate historical summaries of the Civil Rights Movement. Sandy’s story demonstrates that while white nationalist groups attempt to appeal to a broad white audience, their Internet presence aims to draw in young, college-aged men and women.