Chapter 7 Study Guide

SOC 201A

Chapter 7

Study Guide

1. systems of stratification
2. social categories
3. According to the textbook, what is one of the reasons that slavery does not exist in most societies around the world today?
4. modern-day slavery
5. slavery
6. caste system
7. endogamy
8. Scholars believe that ________ has encouraged a shift to class-based systems in countries such as India that have been traditionally caste-based systems.
9. One of the main differences between a society based on caste versus one based on class is what?
10. Class position – how is it determined?
11. How does Davis and Moore’s explanation of class stratification differ from that of Marx and Weber?
12. According to Karl Marx, the working class in industrialized countries would remain poor and live near subsistence level. Marx was right about the persistence of poverty in industrialized countries, but he was wrong in thinking what?
13. Karl Marx, capitalists, the working class
14. surplus value
15. status
16. prestige
17. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore
18. relationship between wealth and income in the United States
19. Income inequality has increased dramatically since the 1970s, as the richest 20 percent saw its incomes rise ________, while the poorest 20 percent saw its incomes rise by ________.
20. income
21. wealth
22. educational attainment as predictor of one’s occupation, income, and wealth later in life
23. According to the textbook, what has been the relationship between higher education and social stratification in recent years?
24. prestige and education
25. According to the textbook, one conclusion we can draw about the upper class in the United States is what?
26. super-rich and globalization
27. downward mobility, the 2008 economic recession
28. lower middle class
29. working class
30. lower class
31. Today, the gap between rich and poor in the United States is the largest it has been since when?
32. Which of the following best explains why Latino household income has stagnated and fallen far behind that of white households?
33. According to the textbook, what factor accounts for racial disparities in wealth and income?
34. social mobility
35. intergenerational mobility
36. intragenerational mobility
37. Pierre Bourdieu, cultural capital
38. downward mobility
39. short-range downward mobility
40. How does the government determine the poverty line?
41. absolute poverty
42. relative poverty
43. feminization of poverty
44. According to the textbook, which phenomenon erased many of the gains in child well-being made in the past twenty years?
45. Although official estimates show that relatively few elderly people live in poverty, these statistics may be misleading because why?
46. Social Security
47. culture of poverty
48. structural explanations for poverty
49. social exclusion
50. homeless persons