Midterm 4
Social Problems
Study guide: Chapter 14: Criminal Justice
1. What are the three branches of the criminal justice system in the U.S.?
2. Know examples of target hardening.
3. Know general deterrence and specific deterrence
4. Studies show that police officers spend what percent of their time directly protecting society?
5. What the consequences of allowing police officers discretion in who they arrest?
6. How likely is someone accused of a crime is to be convicted if he or she is represented by a public defender.
7. In recent years, there has been a tendency for sentencing strategies to become what?
8. Know examples of aggravating and mitigating circumstances.
9. Structured sentencing attempts to do what to judicial discretion?
10. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1 out of how many people in the U.S. is likely to be incarcerated in his or her lifetime?
11. What best describes the incarceration rate of the United States?
12. What percent of prisoners return to prison within three years of their release?
13. Sociologists James Austin and John Irwin calculated that including hidden expenses it costs how much to incarcerate an inmate for a single year?
14. In Finland, prisons rely on what to achieve their aims?
15. The number of states that currently have the death penalty in the U.S. is?
Study guide: Chapter 11: Drug and Alcohol Abuse
16. Alcohol was used by human beings starting from when?
17. During the U.S. Civil War soldiers were regularly given what drug?
18. By the beginning of the 20th century how widespread was drug use?
19. How is drug abuse defined?
20. How is a narcotic defined?
21. What are the depressants?
22. What are the effects of stimulants?
23. Cannabis is classified as what kind of drug?
24. What are the effects of hallucinogens?
25. The medical model of drug abuse assumes what?
26. Based on statistical data, a person of what age and gender is most likely to use drugs?
27. Know symbolic interactionist theory.
28. What is one of the oldest and most well-respected treatment program?
29. Why are people in the inner city more likely to be arrested for drugs than those that live in the suburbs?
30. According to the Drug Policy Alliance, which policy is likely to have more social benefits?
31. Why is asset forfeiture a controversial way of controlling drug sales?
32. When drug treatment programs are provided, what is the result?
Study guide: Chapter 10: Physical and Mental Health Care
33. The first medical school in the United States was established in what year?
34. In order to furnish themselves with cadavers for dissection, colonial medical students often resorted to what?
35. What schools of medicine were popular in the early United States?
36. Osteopathic medicine is related to what kind of therapy?
37. What are the causes of childhood obesity?
38. According to the World Health Organization, a proper health system should have what?
39. When compared with other nations, the United States health care system is what?
40. When compared to countries with integrated payment systems, the United States is what?
41. Give examples of the medicalization of America
42. In The Myth of Mental Illness, Dr. Thomas Szasz argues what?
43. Which sociologist is associated with the sick role?
44. According to sociologist Jill Quadagno, why has the U.S. government been resistant to universal health care?
45. Why do those lower in the socioeconomic ladder have worse health than those above?
46. In 2005, which group had the highest rate of chronic activity limitation?
47. Educated individuals are more likely to do what?
48. The sociological model of illness sees illness as what?
49. What factors are related to the decline in dominance of medical doctors?