Open Data is freely available information. The Open Data is often raw data and often in large amounts, so I can best approach it with Big Data analyses. This is usually information from the government or semi-government agencies. The license and terms of use often describe the conditions under which I can use this data. The characteristics of Open Data are:
The data is public
There are no copyrights on the data
The data is easily searchable
The data is openly available
I can use Open Data to:
Reinforce story with background numbers
To know how the government is doing in a certain area
To do statistics.
The Netherlands does not have a large Open Data website with all Open Data of The Netherlands. For example, every municipality has its own Open Data site. As a result, there are also different ways of presenting the data. Below I mention a number of places where I can find Open Data:
Central government Open Data
Open government data: Here I can dive into government data by theme
Open Data Netherlands has a catalog with all available Open Data in The Netherlands
Central government provides the data for each part of the government
Open culture data offers all Open Data in the field of culture
CBS has Statline with all the statistics they keep about The Netherlands and that is also Open Data I can use.
If I want foreign data, I can use Google Open Data and the country from which I am looking for Open Data and I will then find more than enough resources for my research. Another starting point is: http://guides.emich.edu/data/free-data. Here I will also find datasets that I can use to perform statistical analyses on or make courses or exams with.