5th Quiz (2): Study Guide -- Spring 2021

Study Guide Juvenile Justice -- CRJU 3310 Quiz Two -- History -- (Part 2)

2^nd Theory of Causation

Routine Activities Theory acts as a bridge between choice and deterministic

The cause of crime according to the Routine Activities Theory

Shortcoming of the Routine Activities Theory.

* Four main schools of thought in the positivist/deterministic approach

Theological (religious), Biological (Physiological factors), Psychological (Mental), Sociological (social environment)

Inspired the Positivist school: Cesar Lombroso (1890-1910)

Four important historical dates (after 1825) that earmark how Juvenile Courts were created and became universally accepted: 1899 1917 1945 1967

Three major differences between the juvenile system and the adult system as it evolved (between the birth of the juvenile court and the completion of the era of socialized juvenile Justice)

Three court cases that brought out the need for change

1. 1961 Kent

2. 1964 Gault

3. 1970 Winship

* Echo: In 2005, the Supreme Court abolished the death penalty for juvenile offenders, saying it violated the Eighth Amendment's protection against "cruel and unusual punishments.

Two ways of approaching juvenile justice

Supporting therapeutic approach

Support for legalistic approach

Three changes to the system (one positive, two negative) were made that since 1980 that punctuate the conflict between the legalistic and therapeutic approaches to Juvenile Justice