Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics (PSDs) are a class of medications used primarily to manage hypertension and heart failure. Unlike other diuretics, PSDs help the body retain potassium, which is crucial for maintaining normal heart and muscle function.                         

And they are divided into two main types:

Aldosterone Antagonists: Block the action of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

Sodium Channel Blockers (epithelial): Directly inhibit sodium channels in the collecting ducts.

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs):                                                                  

MRAs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, work by blocking the effects of aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium and water retention. This action not only helps in reducing BP but also provides cardiovascular protection beyond their diuretic and potassium-sparing properties. Eplerenone, for example, has been shown to improve survival rates in heart failure patients post-myocardial infarction, independent of its diuretic effects.

Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers:

ENaC blockers, including amiloride and triamterene, inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron, which helps in retaining potassium. These agents are often used in combination with other diuretics to mitigate potassium loss and reduce the risk of hypokalemia.