Aminoglycosides

Introduction
Illustrated mechanism of action
Examples of Medication Brand Names (with Images)
Indication
Precautions & Contraindications
Monographs
Reference

HELLO

Ready to explore the world of

Aminoglycosides? Let knowledge meet creativity !💊

Definition of Aminoglycosides

are powerful antibiotics used mainly for serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. They kill bacteria by stopping protein production. Common examples include gentamicin and amikacin. They are often used in hospitals but must be monitored due to risks of kidney and hearing damage

History of Aminoglycosides

Since streptomycin was first discovered from Streptomyces griseus and adopted for medical use in 1944, Aminoglycosides has been an essential component of antibacterial chemotherapy

Mechanism of Action

Aminoglycosides work by irreversibly binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

This causes:

1)"Misreading of mRNA → wrong amino acids are added "

2)Disruption of protein synthesis

3)Formation of non-functional or toxic proteins

All of this leads to bacterial cell death, making aminoglycosides they kill bacteria

Examples of Medication Brand Names (with Images)

Gentamicin

• Brand Names: Garamycin, Cidomycin, Septopal (systemic); Genoptic, Gentak, Gentacidin (ophthalmic); Garamycin Topical, G-Myticin (topical)

• Uses: Treats various bacterial infections, including eye infections and skin infections.

Tobramycin

• Brand Names: Nebcin, Tobrex, Tobi, TOBI Podhaler, Kitabis Pak (systemic); Tobrex, Tobrasol, AK-Tob (ophthalmic)

• Uses: Effective against Gram-negative bacterial infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Streptomycin

• Brand Name: Streptomycin Sulfate

• Uses: Primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis and other serious infections.

Neomycin

• Brand Names: Neo-Fradin, Mycifradin

• Uses: Commonly used topically for skin infections and orally for bowel preparation before surgery

Plazomicin

• Brand Name: Zemdri

• Uses: Approved for complicated urinary tract infections when other treatments are not suitable

Amikacin

• Brand Names: Amikin, Cocine

• Uses: Used to treat severe or hospital-acquired infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

side effects

1)Ototoxicity This effect is often associated with high doses or prolonged use.

2)Nephrotoxicity:

*Aminoglycosides may lead to kidney damage, which can be detected by an increase in serum creatinine levels.

*Regular monitoring of kidney function is necessary.

Drug interactions:

There can be interactions with other medications, such as diuretics (e.g., furosemide), which increase the risk of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity

Vertigo:

Due to the drug’s effect on the inner ear, some patients may experience dizziness or balance issues.

Neurological effects:

In rare cases, aminoglycosides may cause nerve damage or tremors

Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions, including skin rashes or itching, may occur.

COMMON INDICATIONS

1) Serious infections caused by gram negative bacteria

2)Complicated UTIs

3)Endocarditis

4)Intraabdominal infections

5)Sepsis

It is important to use aminoglycosides under strict medical supervision with regular monitoring of ear and kidney functions

NOTE

Monographs

2.pdf

3.pdf

4.pdf

5.docx

Reference

• Gentamicin:

https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/gentamicin.html

• Tobramycin:

https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/tobramycin.html

• Amikacin:

https://www.drugs.com/mtm/amikacin.html

2. MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine)

• General info on aminoglycosides:

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682648.html

3. Wikipedia – Aminoglycoside

• Comprehensive overview including pharmacology, uses, and examples:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoglycoside

4. FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)

• For detailed prescribing information and drug safety:

https://www.fda.gov

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/857679-overview

https://www.memory-pharm.com/aminoglycosides/

thank you

Page updated

Report abuse