Introduction 

Introduction about targeted therapies of antinoeplastic.

Targeted Cancer Therapies: The Precision Strike

Imagine cancer treatment that acts like a guided missile—locking onto tumors while sparing healthy cells. Welcome to the era of targeted therapies, where science outsmarts cancer at its own game. These cutting-edge treatments exploit tumors’ unique weaknesses: overactive genes, rogue proteins, or hidden vulnerabilities in their DNA.

How?

Silence cancer’s “command center” by blocking signals that fuel growth (e.g., EGFR inhibitors).

Starve tumors with anti-angiogenesis drugs like bevacizumab.

Unleash the immune system using antibody-drug conjugates.

Exploit genetic flaws (PARP inhibitors for BRCA mutations).

Why it’s revolutionary?

Fewer side effects. Sharper precision. Biomarkers like HER2 or PD-L1 act as “GPS,” guiding drugs to the right patients. Challenges like resistance remain, but innovations—nanoparticles, combo therapies—are turning even aggressive cancers into manageable foes. This isn’t just treatment—it’s a molecular rebellion, rewriting the rules of oncology. The future? A world where cancer isn’t cured but outplayed.

Precautions

These are important considerations doctors take into account before or during treatment:

1. Genetic Testing Before Treatment

   • Targeted therapy requires confirmation of specific mutations (e.g. HER2, EGFR, BRAF).

   • Therapy should not be started without molecular or biomarker testing.

2. Liver Function Monitoring

   • Many targeted agents can elevate liver enzymes or cause liver toxicity.

   • Baseline and periodic liver function tests are recommended.

3. Cardiac Monitoring

   • Drugs like Trastuzumab may cause heart failure or reduce heart function.

   • Echocardiogram or EKG may be needed during treatment.

4. Hypertension Monitoring

   • EGF inhibitors (e.g. Bevacizumab) can cause high blood pressure.

   • Blood pressure should be regularly checked and controlled.
     
     

5. Pulmonary Symptoms

   • Some drugs (e.g. EGFR inhibitors) may lead to interstitial lung disease.

   • Patients should report any new shortness of breath or cough immediately.

6. Drug Interactions

   • Some TKIs interact with CYP450 enzymes (especially CYP3A4).

   • Caution with other drugs that induce or inhibit these enzymes.

7. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

   • Most targeted therapies are not safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

   • Effective contraception should be used during treatment and for a period after

Contraindications

These are situations where targeted therapy should not be used:

1. Absence of Target Mutation or Receptor

   • If the tumor does not express the specific target (e.g. no HER2 in breast cancer), the therapy will be ineffective and should not be used.

2. Severe Hypersensitivity or Allergic Reaction to the Drug

   • Patients with a history of serious allergic reactions to the drug or its components should avoid it.

3. Uncontrolled Cardiac Disease

   • Patients with recent heart attack, uncontrolled arrhythmia, or heart failure may be at increased risk with drugs like Trastuzumab.

4. Severe Hepatic Impairment

   • Some agents are metabolized in the liver, and use in severe hepatic dysfunction may lead to toxicity.

5. Concurrent Use of Contraindicated Medications

   • Some medications may interact dangerously with targeted therapy and should be avoided.