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Introduction
Illustrated mechanism of action
Examples of Medication Brand Names (with Images)
Indication
Side Effects
Precautions & Contraindications
Monographs
Reference
Introductin
Welcome to our page which contains a valuable information about sulfonamides/Trimethoprim combinations which are synergistic antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesis. These fixed-dose combinations are used to treat a variety of infections, especially those caused by susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
History
History
Sulfonamides, introduced in the 1930s, were the first selectively acting antibacterial agents that could be used in clinical medicine.
Mechanism of action
• Sulfonamides (e.g., sulfamethoxazole, sulfadoxine) inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, blocking the formation of dihydropteroic acid.
• Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid.
Result: Sequential blockade of folate synthesis → bactericidal effect.
Examples of medication brand names
Trimethoprim
Bactrim
Trimoks
Septazole
Indications
In Humans (Co-trimoxazole - TMP/SMX):
• UTIs (urinary tract infections)
• Respiratory infections (e.g., bronchitis)
• Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) – treatment & prophylaxis
• Toxoplasmosis (alternative treatment)
• Skin infections, including MRSA
• Traveler’s diarrhea
• Otitis media in children
• Nocardiosis
Side effects
The most common side effects of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole include:
Folate deficincy
Folate deficincy
Rash
Rash
Photosesitivity
Photosesitivity
Percautions & cotraindications
Sulfonamides are contraindicated in patients who have had an allergic reaction to them or who have porphyria.
Be careful!!
Be careful!!
Sulfonamides may cause blood problems, these may result in a greater chance of certain infections, slow healing, and bleeding of the gums. So, you should be careful when using regural toothbrushes, dental floss, and toothpicks.
Monographs
bbb1.pdfbbb2.pdfbbb3.pdfReferences
https://www.nahdionline.com/ar-sa/bactrim-20040-mg-syrup-100-ml/pdp/100634140
https://altibbi.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8046889/
https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=124495758&bookid=1810#:~:text=Coadministration%20of%20a%20sulfonamide%20and,effective%20than%20either%20agent%20alone.&text=SYNERGISTS%20OF%20SULFONAMIDES.,a%20synergistic%20effect%20with%20sulfonamides
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513232/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
https://www.drugs.com/monograph/co-trimoxazole.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/sulfonamide-oral-route/description/drg-20069536#:~:text=Sulfonamides%20may%20cause%20blood%20problems,%2C%20dental%20floss%2C%20and%20toothpicks
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