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Introduction
Illustrated mechanism of action
Examples of Medication Brand Names (with Images)
Indication
Side Effects
Precautions & Contraindications
Monographs
Reference
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Antitumor antibiotics are a class of chemotherapeutic agents originally discovered as natural products from microorganisms, particularly Streptomyces species found in soil. Initially studied for their antibacterial properties, these compounds were later found to have potent anticancer effects by interfering with DNA in rapidly dividing cancer cells. The history of these antibiotics dates back to the 20th century, with the discovery of Actinomycin D ( Dactinomycin ) in the 1940s, the first antibiotic shown to inhibit tumor growth.This was followed by the discovery of Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin in the 1960s from Streptomyces peucetius & Bleomycin in 1966, all of which became essential in cancer treatment. These antibiotics work through mechanisms such as DNA intercalation, topoisomerase inhibition & the generation of free radicals, making them effective against a wide range of cancers
. https://youtu.be/2zAAa4T0BeU?si=XNN2vY4uOjB6rm8V
MECHANISM OF
MECHANISM OF
1- DNA Intercalation:
-As they insert themselves between DNA base pairs leads to disrupting of the DNA helix structure that leads to prevention of DNA replication & RNA transcription & blocking cell division.
2-Inhibition of Topoisomerase II:
- It occurs in Doxorubicin : an enzyme responsible for relieving torsional strain during DNA replication that leads to DNA strand breaks and apoptosis.
3- Generation of Free Radicals:
- Occurs in certain drugs like: bleomycin, doxorubicin: produce free radicals that cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins & cell membranes.
4- Induction of Apoptosis:
-The DNA damage & stress caused by these drugs can activate cell death pathways, especially in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Streptozocin
Idarubicin
Bleomycin
Pirarubicin
Epirubicin
Doxorubicin
Mitomycin C
Examples of Medication Brand Names
Mitomycin C
Mitomycin C
Epirubicin
Dactinomycin
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin
Mitoxantrone
Streptozocin
Daunorubicin
Idarubicin
Bleomycin
Pirarubicin
INDICATIONS
INDICATIONS
Anthracyclines: are used to treat a wide variety of cancers. The type of anthracycline used depends on what type of cancer a person has.
They are commonly indicated for:
*Hematologic Malignancies:*
1- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) eg: Doxorubicin,Daunorubicin.
2- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) eg:Doxorubicin,Daunorubicin & Idarubicin.
3- Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma eg: Doxorubicin,Bleomycin.
*Solid Tumors:*
1- Breast cancer eg: Doxorubicin,Epirubicin.
2- Lung cancer eg:Doxorubicin.
3- Sarcomas (e.g: osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma).
• Acute non- lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) eg: Mitoxantrone.
• Wilms' Tumor eg: Dactinomycin,Doxorubicin.
SIDE EFFECTS
SIDE EFFECTS
Common side effects of some Anti-tumor antibiotics drugs examples like: doxorubicin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, mitomycin C, dactinomycin.
1. Doxorubicin & Daunorubicin :
•Cardiotoxicity. (dose-dependent)
•Myelosuppression.
•Nausea, vomiting.
•Alopecia.(hair loss)
•Mucositis.
•Red/orange urine discoloration.
•Extravasation risk. (tissue necrosis if leaked)
2. Bleomycin:
•Pulmonary toxicity. (fibrosis – dose-limiting)
•Skin changes: hyperpigmentation, rash.
•Fever, chills.
•Minimal myelosuppression.
3. Mitomycin C:
•Myelosuppression. (especially thrombocytopenia)
•Pulmonary toxicity.
•Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. (rare but serious)
•Mucositis.
4. Dactinomycin:
•Myelosuppression.
•Nausea, vomiting.
•Mucositis.
•Skin reactions with radiation. (radiation recall)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
1. Hypersensitivity : to the drug or its components.
2. Cardiac disorders: especially for Doxorubicin (due to cardiotoxicity risk).
3. Severe liver impairment.
4. Bone marrow suppression: (e.g. low white blood cell or platelet counts).
5. Breastfeeding: these drugs can pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
PRECAUTIONS
PRECAUTIONS
1. Monitor cardiac function (especially with cardiotoxic agents like: Doxorubicin).
2. Regular blood tests to monitor blood cell counts.
3. Check liver and kidney function periodically.
4. Avoid infections: as immunity can be suppressed.
5. Monitor for lung toxicity (especially with Bleomycin : risk of pulmonary fibrosis).
6. Avoid pregnancy during and after treatment for a specified time due to teratogenic effects.
DRUG MONOGRAPH
DRUG MONOGRAPH
Streptozocin Mitomycin c .EA .pdfDactinomycin.pdfBleomycin (1) (1).pdfDaunorubicin. EpirubicinPirarubicin. MitoxantroneDoxorubicin
REFERENCE
REFERENCE
https://www.osmosis.org/learn/Antitumor_antibiotics%3A_Nursing_Pharmacology
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/risk-factors/antineoplastic-agents.html
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7559728/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11120596/
https://www.rxlist.com/antineoplastics_antibiotic/drug-class.htm
https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/about-antitumor-antibiotics
MEET OUR GANG
MEET OUR GANG
EMAN FOUDA
BASMALA ZAYED
ASMAA MOHAMED
EMAN ABDELSHAFY
AHNED MOHAMMED
OSAMA KHALAF
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