History 

Second-generation cephalosporins were developed in the 1970s as an improvement over the first-generation drugs. They were designed to have a broader spectrum of activity, especially against gram-negative bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae and some Enterobacter species. These antibiotics also show better resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes produced by certain bacteria. Their development marked a significant step in combating respiratory and urinary tract infections

.Allergy
symptoms
1-Skin Rash 

2-Urticaria (Hives)

3-Facial Swelling (Angioedema)Breathing Difficulties/Wheezing

4-Anaphylaxis (Severe Allergic Reaction):

5-Joint Pain (Arthralgia)

6-Fever (Pyrexia)
Managment
Immediate Discontinuation of the Drug:

Stop using the second-generation cephalosporin immediately upon identification of allergic symptoms

.Antihistamines:

Purpose: To relieve mild symptoms such as skin rash and hives.

Examples: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Chlorpheniramine.

.Corticosteroids (Oral or Topical):

Purpose: To reduce inflammation in cases of severe rash or hives.

Examples: Prednisone (oral), Hydrocortisone (topical).

.Epinephrine (Adrenaline):

Purpose: To treat severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis by reversing symptoms such as difficulty breathing and low blood pressure.

Method: Administer intramuscular epinephrine as soon as anaphylaxis is suspected.

Second-generation cephalosporins are used to treat various infections, including:

• Bone and joint infections

• Skin and soft tissue infections

• Gynecological infections

• Intra-abdominal infections

• Lower respiratory tract infections

• Urinary tract infections

• Meningitis in children

• Sepsis