Volvulus

Twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery, leading to a mechanical type of obstruction. 

Polyps

Saclike projections similar to diverticula except that they project inward into the lumen rather than outward, as do diverticula. 

Intussusception

telescoping or invagination of one part of the intestine into another. It is common in infants younger than 2 years of age but can occur in adults. 

Horseshoe Kidney

Occurs as a fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus. Almost 95% of cases involve fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys.

Ulcerative Colitis

severe form of colitis that is most common among young adults. Chronic condition that often leads to development of coinlike ulcers within the mucosal wall. 

Diverticulum

Outpouching of the mucosal wall that may result from herniation of the inner wall of the colon. It may become widespread throughout the colon, specifically the sigmoid colon. 

Colitis

Inflammatory condition of the large intestine that may be caused by many factors including bacterial infection, diet, stress and other environmental factors. 

Hydronephrosis

distension of the renal pelvis and calyces of the kidneys that results from some obstruction of the ureters or renal pelvis. 

Pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and renl pelvis caused by pyogenic bacteria. The inflammation process primarily affects the interstitial tissue beteen the tubules, whereas glomerulonephritis involves the glomeruli and tubules themselves.