Chapter Objectives
Chapter Objectives
List the parts of the bony thorax:
Anteriorly it consists of the sternum with 3 divisions (manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process.)
Superiorly the bony thorax consists of two clavicles that connect the sternum to the two scapulae.
12 pairs of ribs and 12 thoracic vertebrae.
Lungs and remaining thoracic organs that are contained in the mediastinum.
12. List three reasons for taking chest radiographs with the patient in the erect position whenever possible.
The diaphragm is able to move down farther.
Air and fluid levels in the chest may be visualized. If there is fluid and air present in the lung, the heavier fluid will gravitate toward the lowest position while the air will rise giving us a better indication.
Engorgement and hyperemia of the pulmonary vessels may be prevented. Supine position will change the radiographic appearance of these vessels and the lungs in general.
4. List the four organs of the mediastinum:
Thymus gland
Heart and great vessels
Trachea
Esophagus
10. Identify the common kVp ranges used during chest radiography:
Should be high enough to result in sufficient contrast to demonstrate the many shades of gray needed to visualze finer lung markings. Using low contrast with more shades of gray. A high kVp of 110-125 is needed.
9. Describe the importance of using close collimation, gonadal shielding and anatomic side makers during chest radiography.
Collimation: Reduces patient dose by reducing the volume of tissue irradiated. Improves image quality by reducing scatter radiation.
Shielding: Techs should follow local regulations, department policy and protocol in the use of shielding from the primary x-ray beam or secondary radiation. This is used to protect he reproductive organs from radiation exposure. Scatter radiation can still reach these sensitive areas.
Side-markers: Used for correctly identifying the side of the body being imaged. Reducing errors in diagnosis and for legal documentations. Placement of the marker must be made prior to the exposure. There are conditions such as situs inversus in which the major organs are on the opposite side of the body.