Chapter Objectives

3. Identify specific joints of the foot, ankle, leg and knee according to the correct classification and movement type.

All joints of the lower limb are synovial except for distal tibiofibular.

IP Joints: Ginglymus

MTP Joints; Modified ellipsoidal

TMT Joints: Plane/ Gliding

Intertarsal Joints: Plane/Gliding

Ankle Joint: Saddle (sellar)

Femorotibial: Bicondylar

Patellofemoral: Saddle (sellar)

Proximal Tibiofibular joint: Plane (gliding)

Distal Tibiofibular: Plane/gliding + Fibrous

5. Match specific clinical indications of the later limb to the correct radiographic appearance.

Bone Cysts:

These are not detected on radiographs until a pathologic fracture occurs. When bone cysts are detected on radiographs they appear as lucent areas with a thin cortex and sharp boundaries.

Enchondroma

These are well-defined, radiolucent-appearing tumors with a thin cortex. and they often lead to pathologic fracture with only minimal trauma.

Multiple Myeloma

The typical radiographic appearance consisits of multiple punched out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the affected bones.

7. List the various patient dose ranges for each projection of the lower limb.

Toes: 50-65 kvp 1 mAs

Foot: 60-70 kvp 1.4 mAs

Calcaneus: 65-75 kvp 4 mAs

Ankle: 60-75 kVp 2 mAs

Lower Leg: 70-80 kVp 3.0 mAs

Knee: 65-80 kVp 11.3 mAs

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