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Questions may cover: characteristics of big data (volume, variety, velocity, etc.), generation, processing and analysing data in different formats, interpretation and representation (bias and display), tools and technologies used in big data, and big data considerations (privacy, ethics, and data governance).

2023: characteristics of big data (volume, variety, velocity, etc.), generation, analysis, representation (bias and display). 

Questions may cover: the internet protocol suite and its four abstraction layers (application, transport, internet, and link), application layer protocols (HTTP / HTTPS), transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP), traffic analysis, network optimisation (e.g. queuing theory, predictive maintenance, patterns, anomalies, security threats), encapsulation and de-encapsulation, and security (SSL / TLS).

2023: the Internet protocol suite and its four abstraction layers (application, transport, internet, and link), application layer protocols (HTTP and IRC), transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP).

complexity and tractability

Questions may cover: polynomial and non-polynomial time complexity, Big O notations (O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(2n ), O(n!), O(nk), best-case, worst-case,and average-case time complexity), NP-complete (e.g. travelling salesman / knapsack), and solving complex problems (approximation algorithms / heuristics / brute force).

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formal languages

Questions may cover: regular expressions; simple finite-state automata; context-free grammars (CFGs).

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computer vision

For computer vision, questions may cover: noise, thresholding, edge detection, image processing for computer vision, applications.

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computer graphics

For computer graphics, questions may cover: matrices and transformations, line and circle drawing, line and circle algorithms, graphics algorithms, image rendering, lighting.

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