The exaggerated and sensationalized information from the newspaper that spread word around and was the main cause for the Spanish-American War.
Starting in the 1890s, yellow journalism was a way to make newspaper companies earn more followers. It is an exaggerated way of informing and reporting stories. The two companies that used it the most were New York World and New York Journal. Joseph Politzer purchased the New York World in 1883 and started using colorful words with deeper meaning, which was new at the time. His new method of reporting created a lot of circulation between his competitors. His biggest competitor, William Randolph Hearst, moved to New York from San Francisco, and he was in charge of the New York Journal. His main goal was to be better than World, so he decided to try something new and hired a cartoonist. The Yellow Kid was the main character, who skyrocketed to fame, for being a ‘new idea’ of entertainment.
The feud between Pulitzer and Hearst rose into trying to make the most outrageous stories and attracting more readers than the other. It all started with the Cuban difficulties in Spaniard rein. Hearst’s first story was about 18-year-old Evangelina Cisneros, who was imprisoned without a trial. She had attempted to rebel against the Spaniards, so they imprisoned her immediately. Hearst published an extremely dramatic story about her imprisonment saying that they beat her, didn’t feed her, declothed her, and left her with nothing. In reality, she was given basic needs such as food, clothing, and water. Hearst decided to try and add onto his dramatic story by sneaking her out of prison, disguised as a man smoking a cigar. He designated a parade to her when she arrived in New York and had an elaborate dinner and invited the most fancy people. This was the true beginning of yellow journalism and its influence on people.
Following Heart’s story of Evangelina, Pulitzer decided to also cover the Cuban-Spain conflict. During the 1890’s, the US sent boats to Cuba to help out and get some people out of the country. In 1898, the battleship USS Maine was sent to Havana, Cuba to add and control Cuban protests against the Spanish. It was bombed and 266 crew members were killed. Publitzer found the perfect opportunity to start up a story. He showed gruesome pictures, had bold eye-catching headlines, and a lot of incorrect information. He said the Spaniards had bombed the ship on purpose and then he started pushing for the US to declare war on Spain. Hearst hopped on this trend and also published call-to-action stories and he went as far as saying President William McKinley was scared to do something, and both the New York World and New York Journal pushed and tried to get a military response.
Unfortunately, since Hearst and Publitzer didn’t publish the truth, the readers never knew the truth. Readers were protesting against the government and saying that they needed to declare war. Readers were protesting something that they didn’t truly know anything about and they trusted their newspapers. Yellow journalism was the main reason the Spanish-American War started, all thanks to Pulitzer and Hearst trying to out-dramatize each other. Originally, the office said yellow journalism was fine because it would never cause war, but once it did that became the end of yellow journalism. Giving readers extreme and dramatized information is no longer allowed if it can cause conflicts. There are now rules and boundaries for what can be shared and how.
This all ties into the First Amendment, Freedom of Speech, Press, and Assembly. Newspapers had the freedom to say and publish anything they wanted. After the conflict with the New York World and New York Times, the government indirectly created some rules so an outbreak wouldn’t happen again. Newspapers are still allowed to say anything they want about something or anyone, but it cannot interfere with the government and the decisions happening in the government. This allows for the government to work and do things on their own without pressure from newspapers and the people.
The government pushes people to practice the freedom of speech, press, and assembly, but making sure to do it safely for themselves, others, and the country. It is important for people to know how they can express themselves without getting in trouble. You can grow and learn how to do this if you are looking to protest something, learn how to do it safely and within the limitations. This can affect people in their day-to-day lives when they read things off the internet, newspapers, or even what their friends tell them. Look into topics and do your own research before believing everyone and everything.
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