By Hanish Sakthivel
The American Revolution was a war fought by The Thirteen Colonies for freedom from the oppressive British rule between 1775 to 1783. The war was not just fought to get away from the British; it was to protect the individual rights and the personal liberties of the people. Which also eliminated taxation without representation and monarchy in their government. Furthermore, it is incredibly important to understand that what happened in the Revolutionary war laid the foundations and defined what the United States would later turn out to be.
After the end of the Seven Years War between Britain and the “The Catholic Powers” of France and Spain, Britain was victorious. The Colonists were more proud than ever to be British. But that sense of pride will diminish soon, as the revolutionary war would soon make them turn against what they were proud to be. (Maier, n.d.). Britain had accumulated a large amount of debt after the war, and now with an expanded territory to defend and preside over, Britain needed more money. The British Parliament decided to impose more taxes on the colonists hoping they would pay for the expenses of the British government (Mark, 2024). The Sugar Act and the Currency Act in 1764 imposed taxes on certain goods which affected the colonial trade and prevented the colonies from printing more money (The American Yawp, 2026). This led to a period of economic recession for the Colonists, which increased tensions. Later in 1765, the Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed taxes on a wide range of things such as newspapers, letters, pamphlets, legal documents,playing dice, and cards. This act further dwindled the relationship between the colonists and the British. These oppressive acts with more enforcing laws and the Tea act, which led to the Boston Tea Party in 1774, which was a rebellion that involved people sneaking into ships and dumping tea powder into the ocean as a form of protest against the Tea Act. This created a lot of tension between the colonists and the British Empire (Mark 2024). The first Continental Congress took place in Philadelphia to address the issues in an attempt at peace to send the Parliament, but time had run out. In 1775, the Battle of Lexington and Concord where the battle started since nobody knew who fired the first shot. This marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War which would lead to the birth of the United States of America.
During the war, there were many events and people that were favorable to the victory of the American Revolution. The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, which helped declare independence from the British and established the right to abolish a government that does not protect the rights of the people. Later, at the Continental Congress of 1775, the well reputed general, George Washington, was appointed the commander of the Revolutionary Army. His job was to recruit, maintain, and lead an army to fight against the British Empire (Wallace, 2026). His incredible efforts at leading the army at the Battle of Princeton and the more famously well known surprise attack on Trenton, New Jersey, by crossing the Delaware river on Christmas night. These battles had a major impact and are mostly considered the turning point of the war.
Through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, the colonists gained the military support of France and Spain. And the Netherlands had also joined the Colonists’ cause by agreeing to send financial support to fight against the British. (Wallace, 2026). Further efforts and many more battles would eventually lead to the surrender of Cornwallis, which, finally, would mark the end of the revolutionary war. At long last, with the tremendous efforts made by American negotiators like Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams, the war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 (Library of Congress, n.d.).
With the end of the Revolutionary war, the thirteen colonies needed to create a framework for the government of the new-born nation together. So delegates from each of the colonies came together to create the Articles of Confederation that was ratified in 1781 to create a framework of the government of the United States (The American Yawp, 2026). The Articles of Confederation was a flawed document, with the problem of having a weak central government that couldn’t raise taxes to pay off national debts after the war. To address these issues, the Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia. The Convention’s original purpose was to amend the Articles of Confederation; however, the delegates in the convention decided to create an entirely new Constitution; one which had a strong federal government and three branches to divide the power The new Constitution would be ratified in 1788. George Washington would be unanimously elected the first president of the United States in 1789 (Maier, 2024).
The American Revolution was a significant event that ultimately marked the creation of the United States of America. Without the Revolutionary War, the US country would not exist as it does today. Not only was the Revolution a fight to protect the individual rights of the people, it resulted in making sure that the newly formed government of the United States would not oppress their people in the same manner Great Britain did. Understanding why our founding fathers fought the Revolutionary War means understanding the core principles and values written in our Constitution that our government still follows to this day.
Maier, P. (n.d.). The American Revolution, 1763–1783 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. The American Revolution, 1763–1783. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/essays/american-revolution-1763-1783
Mark, H. W. (2024, September 3). American Revolution. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/American_Revolution/
Wallace, W.M. (2026, June 13). American Revolution. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/American-Revolution
The American Revolution, 1763 - 1783 | U.S. History Primary Source Timeline | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress. (n.d.). The Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/american-revolution-1763-1783/
06. The American Revolution – the American Yawp. (n.d.). https://www.americanyawp.com/textbook/06-the-american-revolution