Eleanor Roosevelt is most commonly known for being the wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt and niece of Theodore Roosevelt but many people don’t realize what a big impact she had on the role of the first lady. She was able to redefine this role and turn it into something that shows kindness, elegance, and passion. From 1933-1945, Eleanor worked tirelessly to create equality and advocate for women, minorities, and the poor. After leaving the White House, she was still working hard by being a delegate for Human Rights Movements. Today, she is the picture of a strong, inspirational woman.
Childhood and Education:
Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11th, 1884 in New York City. She was born to Elliot Roosevelt (Teddy Roosevelt’s younger brother) and Anna Hall who was a member of the Livingston family. Although Eleanor was from a very distinguished family, it was very unstable because her mother was constantly absent and her father was a raging alcoholic. It only got worse when her mother and younger brother died because of diphtheria. Eleanor and her other sibling were sent to live with their loving maternal grandmother in Tivoli, New York but shortly before Eleanor’s 10th birthday, her father died of alcoholism. According to the Theodore Roosevelt Center, Eleanor had adored her father but his absence and death had made Eleanor feel very lonely and upset. During this time, Theodore Roosevelt (her uncle) and his family were there to help support her so they became very close. Five years later, at 15, Eleanor was sent to a boarding school in England where she met one of her biggest mentors. Mademoiselle Marie Souvestre had a large influence on her ways of thinking and values. When she returned from England at the age of 18, her thinking and view of life had matured greatly.
Learn More: Eleanor Roosevelt's Life: Timeline
Marriage:
On March 17, 1905, Eleanor married her fifth cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They had 6 children in the next 11 years. Eleanor took the role of being a politician’s wife by attending social events and volunteering at various organizations. During WW1, Eleanor volunteered with the Red Cross to go visit and help wounded soldiers. In 1918, she found out that Franklin was having an affair with his secretary. According to Brittanica, Eleanor was heartbroken and it was a very traumatic event for her. The couple stayed together after Franklin refused to get a divorce and they had a relationship where they were respectful but stayed mostly independent of each other. While Franklin continued to get more involved in politics, so did Eleanor as she joined the Women’s Trade Union, League of Women Voters, and the New York Democratic Party. Eleanor continued being an influential figure while teaching at schools and being an advocate for Women’s Rights.
Learn More: Life through Pictures
Life as First Lady:
When Franklin was elected in 1933, Eleanor supported him and started traveling to visit relief sites, active war zones, and was widely known as being his “eyes, ears, and arms”. The FDR Library says that after major events like the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Eleanor made sure that the president didn’t give up on his goals and plans. When she wasn’t traveling, she held her own press conferences where women were allowed to attend. In the 12 years she was the first lady, she held around 300 total. To engage the public, she started a daily column where she wrote about her experiences. It was called “My Day” and it continued until her death. After her husband died in 1945, she continued her advocacy work and even got appointed to the United Nations General Assembly. There she helped to draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Learn More: "My Day" Archives
Impact on U.S. Government:
Eleanor Roosevelt had a big impact on the U.S. Government as she redefined the role of the first lady, advocated for human rights, and showed kindness and empathy to the citizens of the US. By traveling to see different people, she was able to show the citizens how much the government cared for them all and this created a tighter bond. Her advocation and inclusivity efforts created more equality in the government. Lastly, her biggest accomplishment was changing the role of the first lady from being the wife of the president to also being a figure of compassion and hard work.
Learn More: Eleanor Roosevelt's Interview
Eleanor Roosevelt is still relevant today as she left a lasting legacy of a person who helped to bring more rights for different races, women, and poor. She is also remembered as the physical form of the president as she traveled and reported important information about the state of the country. Her values and thoughts are still present today in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which she helped to draft. She was one of the most influential and respected women of the 20th century.
Learn More: Who was Eleanor Roosevelt? (3:14)
References
Boyd, B., & Weston, B. H. (2025, May 28). Eleanor Roosevelt | Biography, Human Rights, Accomplishments, & Facts. Britannica. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleanor-Roosevelt
Chandor, D. (n.d.). Eleanor Roosevelt. White House Historical Association. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.whitehousehistory.org/bios/eleanor-roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt Biography. (n.d.). FDR Presidential Library & Museum. Retrieved June 16, 2025, from https://www.fdrlibrary.org/er-biography
Michals, D. (n.d.). Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt. National Women's History Museum. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/eleanor-roosevelt
TR Center - Roosevelt, Eleanor. (n.d.). Theodore Roosevelt Center. Retrieved June 19, 2025, from https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Learn-About-TR/TR-Encyclopedia/Family%20and%20Friends/Eleanor%20Roosevelt