By Priya Sadhana Mathan
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States and was one of the most important leaders of our nation. He was born in 1858 in New York City. As a child, Roosevelt struggled with severe asthma but through exercise, and outdoor activities, he grew to like nature and being active. Roosevelt later attended Harvard University and studied law at Columbia. After college, he began his political career by serving in the New York State Legislature. Soon after, in 1884, his first wife and mom died which caused him to go work in the American west as a cowboy. In 1886, he returned to New York and worked for the government again and he had a variety of jobs over the years. He worked as a U.S. civil service commission, assistant secretary of Navy, New York Police commissioner, Rough Rider, Vice President and then he became President when President Mckinely got assassinated. He served as president from 1901- 1909, and at 42 years old he was the youngest president, but his leadership skills formed earlier throughout his life (Ducksters). He believed that the federal government should play an active role in protecting the citizens and promoting public welfare and through his efforts to break up monopolies, conserve natural resources, and expand the role of the federal government. Overall, Theodore Roosevelt was considered one of the most influential presidents in American history.
One of his most important accomplishments was his effort to regulate powerful businesses and make sure that corporations served the public welfare. During the Progressive Era, many companies would become monopolies and an entire industry would be controlled by one company and since they did not have competition, they could gain a lot of profit and economic power. Through the Sherman Antitrust Act, he challenged many monopolies. One of the major monopolies was, The Northern Securities Company, a major railroad company that had a lot of economic power. By disbanding them he got the nickname “Trust Buster” as monopolies are referred to as Trusts(Britannica). In Roosevelt’s 1910 speech,“The New Nationalism,” he argued that the powerful or special business gained too much influence over politics as they used their corporate funds for political purposes(AmericanYawp). Furthermore, he stated that corporations should serve the public rather than control government decisions. By enforcing Antitrust Laws and limiting monopolies, Roosevelt strengthened the federal government’s role in regulating the big companies and maintaining a level of equality by leveling the playing field (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History).
While Roosevelt is typically remembered for regulating corporations, he also made a lasting impact through his commitment to conservation and the protection of America’s natural resources. His experience in the American West helped shape his interest about how natural resources should be responsibly managed for future generations. In 1902, Theodore Roosevelt established the National Reclamation Act, which authorized the government to fund and oversee a massive irrigation project in the American West(History.com). This was one of the first major legislative achievements of his presidency and demonstrated his belief that the government should play an active role in managing natural resources. Roosevelt is often known as the “Conservationist President” and the “Father of Conservation” because of his efforts to protect the nation’s environment. Through actions such as the American Antiquities Act of 1906, he protected more than 230 million acres of public land, including forests, wildlife refugees, and national monuments(Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library). Even though one of his passions is hunting, many of his writings show his grief for the loss of species and habitats. These experiences and beliefs motivated him to promote conservation policies that continue to influence environmental protection in the United States today.
Roosevelt also transformed the role of the federal government and redefined the American Presidency as he believed a president should actively address the nation's problems and try to improve the life of a citizen. He argues in his “New Nationalism” speech that the judiciary should be primarily interested in human welfare and not property, just as how the representative body should represent everyone and not just one class or section of people(AmericanYawp). This philosophy led him to expand executive power and increase the federal government’s involvement in national issues. Roosevelt also played an important role in foreign affairs by supporting Panama’s independence from Colombia and overseeing the construction of the Panama Canal. The Canal eventually resulted in conflict between the U.S. and Panama as the people of Panama felt the U.S. control of the Canal as a violation of their national sovereignty. However, at the time it was considered a major foreign policy achievement that strengthened international trade and increased the influence of the United States around the world(Office of the Historian).In addition, he supported consumer protection legislation such as the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act, which increased federal oversight of food and consumer products. Through these reforms, Roosevelt strengthened the federal government’s ability to protect citizens and promote the public good. Before Roosevelt’s presidency, many presidents took a more limited approach to Presidency, but his leadership established the expectation that presidents should take an active role in solving national problems.
To conclude, Roosevelt remains one of the most influential presidents in United States’ history because of the lasting impact he had on the federal government and American society. Through his trust-busting efforts, he demonstrated that the government could regulate powerful corporations and protect the public interest. His commitment to conservation preserved millions of acres of land and established a foundation for environmental protection in the government. He expanded the role of the federal government by taking an active approach to addressing national issues, strengthening consumer protections and shaping American foreign policy. Even though it is more than a century after Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency, his policies continue to influence the relationship between ordinary citizens, businesses, and the federal government, making him one of the most significant figures in American history.
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