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Introduction
Introduction
Indigenous people are a term used to describe Native Americans. They were the first people to cross over the Bering Strait and come to America and settled here for many years before the Europeans arrived. Since the new settlers (Europeans) arrived, the Natives and they have been having some issues, but they were able to find a middle ground with tribal sovereignty. Tribal Sovereignty in the United States is the concept of that Indigenous Tribes have the power to rule themselves. The United States Federal Government saw the tribes as their own nations and came into agreement with them.
History
History
The Europeans started moving west; they had started pushing Native Americans out of their land (pushing them west). This caused the internal pressure of “Indian Removal”, but the pace of making a treaty with the Natives grew faster. The Civil War caused more Native Americans to move west because of the assault on their culture and ways. In the Indian Appropriation Act of 1871, Congress prohibited any treaties with the Native Americans. This actually hurt them more than helping them. The Indian Appropriation Act of 1871 is when the United States stopped seeing the Natives as their own independent nations. This also allowed the government or other people to commit any crimes against the Natives. This caused a lot of Natives to have trust issues with the newly formed country, but later, the United States found a way to make it work with the Natives.
The United States and the Native Americans had many problems with them being considered their own independent nation, but they were later considered their nation and were mentioned in the Constitution several times. One of these times was in Article 1, section 2, Clause 3, which says something about how Native Americans don’t need to be taxed because they are their own separate nations. Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution also states something like “Congress shall have the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes", further confirming the fact that the federal government considers the Indian Tribes as their separate nation. The 14th Amendment also has these 3 main things about Indian Tribes. Territory sovereignty: Tribal authority over Indian tribes is completely organic and not granted by the state in which the lands are located. Plenary power doctrine: Only Congress has the full power regarding all the Indian Tribes. Trust relationship: The federal government can protect the tribes. These were all improvements for the Native Americans.
Current events
Current events
Currently, the U.S. sees the tribes as a “domestic dependent nation”, and they use their own legal system to define their relationship with the United States. The U.S. recognizes 574 tribal nations, and 229 of them are in Alaska. These tribes now live freely on United States land after all that persecution from the earlier European settlers. Sadly, there are a lot fewer Native Americans than there were earlier in history. Even though they have the freedom to rule over their own land, Native Americans still have some problems. “ However, Indigenous Peoples’ lands – home to over 80% of our planet’s biodiversity and often rich in natural resources, such as oil, gas, and minerals – are routinely appropriated, sold, leased or simply plundered and polluted by governments and private companies.” Like the article said, because the Native lands have a lot of important minerals and most of the planet's biodiversity, it will want to make companies get off their land, which causes them a sense of protection over their land, which then causes them to be murdered by big companies. The hardship for Indigenous people never ends, even in the current world where it is supposed to be open and accepting.
Significance
Significance
In conclusion, the Natives have gone through a lot in this land, but all they wanted was to be able to rule themselves and have their own land. They had gone from being attacked by the Europeans to helping them in the Civil War. While they were still not even considered citizens at this time, which brought terrible things on them, their wait came into good use. The Constitution considered them their own independent nation. They live in different parts of the states, and each tribe is now considered its own nation, but they are still fighting for their land.
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