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Kidneys
Kidneys
The Kidney (of which domestic animals commonly have 2 of), is an organ that is used for the filtration of blood and aids in the excretion of unnecessary waste products in the form of urine. The cattle/ bovine kidney is referred to as multi-lobar (meaning it consists of multiple renal lobes).The kidney has:
Endocrine Function: It secretes various hormones (such as erythropoietin when O2 levels are low/ when hypoxic).
Exocrine Function: Excretes urine through into the collecting ducts to be sent to the urethra by ureters and urinary bladder.
Renal Cortex
Renal Cortex
The renal cortex of the kidneys is the area where the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron are located.
Renal Medulla
Renal Medulla
The renal medulla is the region of the kidney lobes where the collecting tubules and loop of henle (of the nephron) are located.
Renal Pyramid
Renal Pyramid
The renal pyramid is the region of the kidney that includes the medullary portion of each lobe, and also includes renal papilla that are directed towards the renal pelvis (in the case of bovine these papillae are directed towards the renal calyxes, as bovine do not have a renal pelvis, but multiple calyx).
Renal Vein
Renal Vein
The job of the renal vein is to return filtered blood back to the caudal vena cava of the heart.
Renal Artery
Renal Artery
The job of the renal artery is to supply the kidney with blood from the heart to be filtered starting at the glomerulus of the nephron (where the afferent arteriole will first bring blood).
Ureter
Ureter
The ureter is a tube that helps transport urine to the urinary bladder. Cattle have two kidneys and therefore have two ureters connecting to the urinary bladder.
Picture: Lecture 30
The urinary bladder in female and male bovine serves the same function: Storage of urine before being excreted out the urethra. In order to excrete urine, micturition (or urination) will occur through muscular contractions of the bladder (as well as the urethralis muscle sphincters which will also aid in the excretion of urine).
💡Study Tip: How to remember that cattle has calyxes instead of a renal pelvis
💡Study Tip: How to remember that cattle has calyxes instead of a renal pelvis
The word calyx starts with a "C" just like the word cattle, and cattle have calyxes within the kidney instead of a renal pelvis.
Pop Question: What is the job of the ureters?
Pop Question: What is the job of the ureters?
The ureters carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder for excretion.
Pop Question: Where are the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron located in the kidney?
Pop Question: Where are the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron located in the kidney?
The renal cortex of the kidney.
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