Head muscles
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Lateral mandible
Origin: Pterygoid bone
Insertion: Medial mandible
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible
Origin: Caudal to temporomandibular joint
Insertion: Medial mandible
Forms the floor of the oral cavity; located between the rami of the mandible.
From the rostral mandible to the base of the tongue
From the hyoid apparatus to the base of the tongue
Origin: Medial aspects of maxilla and mandible, perioral skin and muscles, modiolus
Insertion: Skin and mucous membrane of lips
Origin: Zygomatic process of maxilla
Insertion: Upper lip
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Lateral aspect of the nares.
Origin: Attached to the epimysium of the masseter muscle and the angle of the mouth.
Insertion: Angle of the lips
Origin: Extends from aspects of the maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Muscle fibers go in both directions (toward the maxilla and the mandible)
Origin: Nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone
Insertion: Skin of orbital region, lateral palpebral raphe, superior and inferiortarsal plates
Origin: Upper surface of theskull, above the eye.
Insertion: Nose and angle of the lip
Respiration Muscles
Origin: xiphoid process, lower ribs
Insertion: Central tendon
Origin/Insertion: intercostal space
Origin/Insertion: intercostal space
Abdomen Muscles
Origin: Last few ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Linea alba, brim of pelvis, tuber coxae
Origin: Tuber coxae and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Linea alba, caudal ribs, brim of pelvis
Origin: Deep thoracolumbar fascia, caudal ribs, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Linea alba
Origin: Costal cartilage and sternum
Insertion: Pubis via the pre-pubic tendon
Forelimb Muscles
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and ligaments of the dorsal midline
Insertion: Scapular spine
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and ligaments of the dorsal midline
Insertion: Medial side of scapular cartilage
Origin: Spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Medial humerus
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Medial humerus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Origin: Transverse processes of caudal cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Medial scapula and scapular cartilage
Origin: Caudal border of the scapula, proximal humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
Origin: Cranial sternum, costal cartilages, and ribs
Insertion: Craniomedial humerus
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Cranial aspect of proximal radius and ulna
Hindlimb Muscles
Origin: Wing of ilium, tuber coxae, sacrum, and sacroschiatic ligament
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Origin: Sacrum, sacroschiatic ligament, and ischial tuber
Insertion: Patellar ligament, patella, and calcaneal tuber
Origin: Ventral pelvis
Insertion: Medial femur
Origin: Pelvic symphysis
Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal tibia
Origin: Tuber coxae
Insertion: Fascia lata
Origin: Caudal vertebrae, sacroschiatic ligament, and ischial tuber
Insertion: Medial distal femur, medial proximal tibia, and fascia lata
Origin: Sacrum, caudal vertebrae, sacroschiatic ligament, and ischial tuber
Insertion: Cranial tibia, calcaneal tuber
Origin: Caudal aspect of femoral condyles
Insertion: Tuber calcanei
Origin: Ventral aspects of lumbar vertebrae, ilium, and sacrum
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Origin: Proximal femur, body of ilium
Insertion: Patella