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Control center for homeostasis
Body temperature, appetite, etc.
Links nervous and endocrine system
Located below the thalamus (💡"hypo" = below (the thalamus))
Associated with 3rd ventricle
Connected to the Pituitary Gland through the Pituitary Stalk (infundibulum)
Hypothalamic Nuclei
Hypothalamic Nuclei
Discrete clusters of nerve cells in the hypothalamus
Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN)
Oxytocin (and ADH)
Supraoptic Nucleus (SON)
ADH (and Oxytocin)
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Regulates Circadian Rhythms
Preoptic Area (POA)
GnRH (ovulation)
Location of Surge center in females
Arcuate Nucleus (Tonic center)
GnRH, Dopamine
Hormones Produced by the Hypothalamus
Hormones Produced by the Hypothalamus
Produced and Released by the Neurons in the Hypothalamus
Produced and Released by the Neurons in the Hypothalamus
CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone)
Stimulates release of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)
Stimulates release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH)
TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone)
Stimulates release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone)
Stimulates release of growth hormone (somatotropin)
GHIH (Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone)
Inhibits release of growth hormone (somatotropin)
Dopamine
Inhibits Release of Prolactin by anterior pituitary
Produced by Neurons in the Hypothalamus and Released From the Posterior Pituitary Gland
Produced by Neurons in the Hypothalamus and Released From the Posterior Pituitary Gland
Oxytocin
stimulates muscle contraction and milk letdown.
Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
Conserves water, decreases urine volume, constricts BV and increases BP
Test Yourself:
Test Yourself:
Q: What does the hypothalamus help regulate?
Q: What does the hypothalamus help regulate?
A: Homeostasis (Body temperature, appetite, etc.)
Q: What is the Hypothalamic Nuclei?
Q: What is the Hypothalamic Nuclei?
A: Discrete clusters of nerve cells in the hypothalamus
Q: What hormones are produced and released by the neurons in the hypothalamus?
Q: What hormones are produced and released by the neurons in the hypothalamus?
A: CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone), TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone), GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone), GHIH (Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone), Dopamine
Q: What hormones are produced and released from the posterior pituitary gland?
Q: What hormones are produced and released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A: Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
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