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Image from lecture 21
Pericardium
Pericardium
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart that reduces friction and lubricates
Fibrous layer: layer surrounds heart
Parietal pericardium: outer layer of pericardium
Visceral pericardium: layer closest to organ
đź’ˇGood way to remember: viscera = internal organs, so visceral pericardium is closest to the heart
Pericardial cavity: filled with serous fluid
Image found in lecture 21
Image found in lecture 21
Right Atrium/Ventricle
Right Atrium/Ventricle
Located on the right side of the heart
Typically the thinner version, if its hard to tell
Blood comes in from caudal/cranial vena cava to right atrium, down through valve to ventricles, then out through pulmonary artery
Left Atrium/Ventricle
Left Atrium/Ventricle
Thicker section of the heart
Blood comes in from pulmonary vein into left atrium, through the valve to ventricle then out the aorta
đź’ˇHow to remember the left side: apex will point towards the left
Tricuspid Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Valve located in between right atrium and ventricle
Has three flaps to the valve
Will open to allow blood to flow through
đź’ˇHow to remember: tricuspid is a long word, right is also a longer word, so tricuspid corresponds with right
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osmosis.org%2Flearn%2FTricuspid_valve_disease&psig=AOvVaw0Ub9G1gNoQd3frfDEBvmSH&ust=1701557663927000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjhxqFwoTCKC13fKq74IDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Bicuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Valve located in between left atrium and ventricle
Two flaps for the valve
Will open to allow blood to flow through
đź’ˇHow to remember: bicuspid is a shorter word, left is also shorter, so bicuspid corresponds with left
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcuhealth.org%2Fnews%2Fbicuspid-aortic-valve&psig=AOvVaw2FXxfQedKyw3yOUqZwOVKA&ust=1701557698805000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjhxqGAoTCLiEsM6q74IDFQAAAAAdAAAAABDoAQ
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Artery
Brings deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated in pulmonary/systemic circulation
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verywellhealth.com%2Fpulmonary-artery-anatomy-1763912&psig=AOvVaw1hjqD6-uF4KUWOchDlnoD7&ust=1701557837931000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjhxqFwoTCNi77oqr74IDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAf
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary Vein
Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium to continue circulation through the heartÂ
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pvsnetwork.org%2Fabout-pvs.html&psig=AOvVaw02-ktQZtKJvRXIDDdYgK3S&ust=1701558018560000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjhxqFwoTCMjD_9yr74IDFQAAAAAdAAAAABBI
Image taken from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.clevelandclinic.org%2Fhealth%2Fbody%2F22619-vena-cava&psig=AOvVaw25DUq-GTa8DsxdBcjBn6JU&ust=1701558289337000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjhxqFwoTCLi8_9-s74IDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Cranial/Caudal Vena Cava
Cranial/Caudal Vena Cava
Veins that will bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart to go through circulation
Enters into the right atrium
SEMILUNAR VALVES
SEMILUNAR VALVES
Valves that resemble a crescent moon in shape/appearance
Image taken from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F9007267976298882%2F&psig=AOvVaw21DGooaWKqnMgBd8jW5uum&ust=1701567581442000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjhxqFwoTCKiavL_P74IDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Valve that connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Aorta Valve
Aorta Valve
Valve in that will be connect to the aorta from the left ventricle to bring oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
Here's a better picture of semilunar valves!
(Image from lecture 21)
Septum:
Band of muscle separating left and right sides of heart
Apex:
Point of the heart
Can determine left or right side(apex always points left)
Papillary muscles:
Indentations in the heart that will anchor the chordae tendinae and pull valves open
Chordae tendinae:
Strands that will connect to the valves and aid in pulling them open
Prevents blood from flowing backwards
Image from lecture 21
Fetal Circulation and Modifications
Fetal Circulation and Modifications
In fetal calves: a few modifications are made
Foramen Ovale: opening between the right and left atrium which will allow blood to go straight to the blood vessels
Umbilical vein: Brings oxygenated and nutrient rich blood from placenta to the fetal calf liver
Umbilical arteries: There's two of theses, carries oxygen poor blood away from fetus to placenta
Ductus arteriosus: bypasses pulmonary artery to go into umbilical arteries
Ductus venosus: bypasses the hepatic sinusoids
All of this will regress and close in adult circulation
Image from lecture 21
Adult Circulation Modifications
Adult Circulation Modifications
Ligamentum Arteriosum: remnants of the ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale closes
Round ligament of the liver: remnant of umbilical vein
Round ligaments of the bladder: remnant of umbilical artery
What type of valves are semilunar?
What type of valves are semilunar?
Aortic and pulmonary valves
What chamber of the heart does the cranial and caudal vena cava bring blood to?
What chamber of the heart does the cranial and caudal vena cava bring blood to?
Right atrium
What is the remnant of the ductus vernosus in adult circulation?
What is the remnant of the ductus vernosus in adult circulation?
Ligamentum arteriosum
Does the pulmonary vein bring deoxygenated or oxygenated blood to the heart?
Does the pulmonary vein bring deoxygenated or oxygenated blood to the heart?
Oxygenated
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