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Located above duodenum (small intestine)
Exocrine function (đź’ˇ"exo" = out, secrete out instead of into bloodstream)
Digestive enzymes, NaHCO3
Endocrine function (đź’ˇ"endo" = in, secrete INTO bloodstream)Â
Pancreatic Islets (Islets of Langerhans)
Beta Cells
Produce Insulin
Alpha Cells
Produce Glucagon
Glucagon and Insulin
Glucagon and Insulin
Glucagon
Produced by Alpha-cells
Causes liver to break up glycogen (glycogenolysis) and release glucose
Stimulates adipocytes to release fatty acids
 Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver
Insulin
Produced by Beta-Cells
Lowers blood glucose by stimulating uptake by many cells (e.g. skeletal muscle)
Increase in GLUT4
Stimulates skeletal muscles and liver to make glycogen
Stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver
Stimulates synthesis and deposition of lipid in adipose tissue and liver
Regulation of Insulin and Glucagon
Regulation of Insulin and Glucagon
Increase in blood glucose stimulates insulin secretion
Increase glucose uptake and storage by cells and decreases blood glucose
Decrease in blood glucose stimulates glucagon secretion
Increase breakdown of glycogen→ glucose and increase blood glucose
Test Yourself:Â
Test Yourself:Â
Q: What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?
Q: What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?
A: Produce insulin and glucagon
Q: What are glucagon and insulin produced by?
Q: What are glucagon and insulin produced by?
A: Glucagon: Alpha-cellsÂ
Insulin: Beta-cellsÂ
Q: What does increase of blood glucose result in?
Q: What does increase of blood glucose result in?
A: Insulin secretion
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