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Muscles of synsarcosis
(How the scapula attaches to the forelimb)
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
m. trapezius (7)
- lifts, retracts, advances scapula
– O: ligaments of dorsal midline
– I: Scapular spine
- Most superficial
- Holds scapula to the axial skeleton
m. rhomboideus (8)
- lifts neck, lifts and advances scapula
– O: ligaments of dorsal midline
– I: medial side scapular spine
-Deep to m. trapezius
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
m. serratus ventralis (6)
m. serratus ventralis (6)
- Supports trunk, lifts neck, advances & retracts scapula
– O: Transverse process of caudal cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae
– I: medial side of scapula and scapular cartilage
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
m. pectoralis (5)
- Contraction causes adduction of the forelimb
O: Cranial sternum, costal cartilages, and ribs
I: Craniomedial humerus
Two main muscles of the scapula
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
m. supraspinatus
m. supraspinatus
- Extension and stabilization of shoulder
- O: Supraspinus fossa of scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of humerus
- Antagonistic muscle to the m. Infraspinatus
m. infraspinatus
m. infraspinatus
- Stabilization and flexion of shoulder
- O:infraspinous fossa of scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of humerus
- Antagonistic muscle to the m. supraspinatus
Another scapular muscle to note
m. subscapularis
m. subscapularis
- Shoulder stabilization
- O: Subscapular fossa
- I: Medial humerus
- Deep to the scapula
Other IMPORTANT muscles of the forelimb to know
m. biceps brachii:
m. biceps brachii:
- Elbow flexion, shoulder extension
– O: supraglenoid tubercle
– I: cranial aspect of proximal radius and ulna
- An antagonist muscle to m. triceps brachii
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
m. latissimus dorsi
- Limb retraction, shoulder flexion
– O: Spinous process of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
– I: Medial humerus
- Very big muscle
m. triceps brachii:
m. triceps brachii:
- Elbow extension and shoulder flexion
- Has 3 heads
- O: 2 heads originate at the caudal border of scapula, 1 head originates at the proximal humerus
- I: Olecranon process
- An antagonist muscle to the m. biceps brachii.
Image credit: biosphera 3D Bovine Anatomy v2.03b
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