Ribs

There are twelve pairs of ribs, which are the long curved bones that surround the chest, collectively forming a protective "cage" for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs of the thorax. The rib cage includes the thoracic part of the vertebral column (12 thoracic vertebrae) and sternum as well as the ribs and costal cartilages.

The rib cage forms a core portion of the human skeleton. Together with the associated skin, fascia, and muscles, the rib cage makes up the thoracic wall and provides attachments for the muscles of the neck, thorax, upper abdomen, and back. The rib cage also supports the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) and has a great deal of mobility, allowing expansion of the chest cavity and the lungs for breathing.