Violin/ Viola/Cello/Double Bass
3. Cello
- Large version of the violin, played vertically.
- Lower in pitch than the violin.
-Audio here
4. Double bass
- Large version of the cello.
- Extremely low range in pitch
-Audio here
Expressive Techniques used in the String Family
- Arco- Playing with the bow here
- Pizzicato- Plucking the strings here
- Double Stopping/Multiple Stopping-Two notes played on adjacent strings EG 1, EG 2
- Multiple Stopping- Collective double, triple , quadruple stopping
- Spiccato- Bouncing the bow on the string, detaching the notes here
- Vibrato- Pitch of notes varying in a pulsating rhythm EG 1, EG 2
- Legato- played smoothly without detachment here
- Harmonics- Bow played close to the bridge and fingers lightly touching the string,
producing an octave above and a fifth above the original note EG 1, EG 2
- Arppegio- Broken chord here
- Tremolo- Succession of fast, rapid strokes of the bow EG 1, EG 2
- Col Legno- Playing the strings with the back of the bow EG 1, EG 2- Slide or Glissando- Sliding from one pitch to another EG 1, EG 2
- Trill- Embellishment between two notes alternating quickly EG 1, EG 2
- Con Sordino- 'With the mute'-Playing with a device that dampens the sound. EG 1, EG 2
-Sul Ponticello- 'On the bridge'- Playing the bow close to the bridge, creating a high pitch sound. EG 1
- Sul Tasto- 'On the the fingerboard'- Playing the bow on the fingerboard. EG 1, EG 2