Western Europe
Alps
Pyrenees
English Channel
Baltic Sea
Political pluralism
Economic pluralism
Capitalism
Middle class
Huguenots
Louis XIV
Gunpowder
Renaissance
Printing press
Reformation
Fortresses
Atlantic Ocean
Colonial empires
Industrial Revolution
Inclusive political institutions
Inclusive economic institutions
Feudal common field system
Manorialism
Serfdom
Feudalism
Putting-out system
Enclosure movement
Three-field system
Markets
Capitalism
Middle class
Black Death
Wages
Free labor
Magna Carta
Model Parliament
Elizabethan Bargain
English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
English Bill of Rights
Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau