https://troopleader.scouting.org/program-feature-first-aid/ 

American Red Cross/BSA - Wilderness First Aid (Original Download)

https://www.scouting.org/health-and-safety/safety-moments/

Hypothermia

Signs/Symptoms

• Feeling cold, shivering uncontrollably

• Cool or cold skin on the abdomen, chest, or back

• Presence of the “umbles”

  • Stumbles: loss of control over movement

  • Mumbles: slurred or incoherent speech

  • Fumbles: poor coordination or reaction time

  • Grumbles: change in behavior or attitude

• Fatigue

As hypothermia progresses, the person will exhibit:

• Stiff muscles

• No shivering

• Skin that feels ice-cold and may appear bluish

• Confusion, agitation, memory loss

• Slow, weak pulse

• Slow, shallow breathing

• Loss of consciousness

Treatment

• Get the victim out of the cold.

• Remove wet clothing 

  • wrap them up in warm, dry clothes. 

• Add additional layers such as a sleeping bag, blankets, or some form of plastic to hold in body heat.

• If the victim is conscious and can swallow, offer them warm liquids to drink. Do not give alcoholic drinks.

• Handle them gently. Excessive movements or rough handling can lead to cardiac arrest.

• Apply warm, dry compresses to the neck, chest, and groin areas. 

  • Do not apply heat to the arms or legs, because this speeds cold blood back to the heart, lungs, and brain, causing the core temperature to drop even lower; this can be fatal.

  • Do not apply direct heat as with hot water bottles, a heating pad, or a heating lamp. This extreme heat can cause skin damage, an irregular heart rhythm, or even cardiac arrest.

• If a person with severe hypothermia  is unconscious, doesn't have a pulse, and isn't breathing perform CPR. CPR should continue during rewarming. Sometimes, people experiencing hypothermia can be successfully resuscitated.

• Get emergency care/call 911.

Source

• https://www.scouting.org/health-and-safety/safety-moments/hypothermia/

Frostbite

First-degree frostnip (superficial) Limited damage to the skin, may be painful with no immediate blistering.

Identification: 

• Wounds will look like a central white or gray area surrounded by pink skin

• Followed by mild swelling.

Treatment:

• Immediately remove someone with these symptoms from the cold and change their clothing if needed.

• Soak the affected area in warm water or use body heat to provide warmth.

• Protect exposed skin.

• Get into a warm environment.

Second-degree frostbite (superficial) This degree affects both the top layer of your skin and slightly deeper into your tissue.

Identification:

• Signs are pink and moist tissue.

• Clear blisters, usually surrounded by redness and swelling. 

Treatment:

• Be sure not to rub the affected area because friction may cause more damage to your skin. 

• Take care not to damage the blisters because they are protecting the tissue underneath.

• Rewarming must begin immediately, followed by professional medical care.

• Do not allow the skin to refreeze, this will cause more damage.

• Eating food and drinking warm liquids.

Third- or fourth-degree frostbite (deep) These degrees of frostbite are dangerous and can lead to damage in muscles, tendons, and bones (fourth degree).

Identification:

• Skin feels frozen and hard 

• Skin appears red, purple, or even black.

• If left untreated, the development of thick, black, dead tissue over one to two weeks will follow. 

Treatment:

• Rewarming in this condition will induce critical pain.

• Get professional treatment

• It is more important to get professional help than rewarming. If it warms do everything possible to prevent refreezing.

Source

• https://www.scouting.org/health-and-safety/safety-moments/frostbite/