Fasting & Caloric restraint for longevity

Related links

Intermittent fasting Wiki

Fast intermittently to Live Longer - BBC Horizon 2012

Autophagy ameliorative effect mediated longevity effect of sparse consumption of calorie sparse diet

CHOICES diet.

CHOICE diet or Long Interval feeding (short range fasting or mini-fasting) for strong SHEAL effect

Chronobiologically & Hormatically Optimized Ingestion of Calorically & Euglycemically Spaced diet (CHOICES diet) tends to shift the equilibrium in favour of neurogenesis or neural repair and renewal while dampening the cellular disintegration. CHOICE feeding mimicry by HIIT physical activity or other optoxy (neuroptoxygenation) and the super-additive neurogenesis promotion and telomere repair associated benefits.

Japanese cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2016 for his research on how cells recycle and renew their content, a process called autophagy. Fasting activates autophagy, which helps slow down the aging process and has a positive impact on cellular biology that favours repair and regeneration.

Noboru Mizushima published Autophagy: process and function outlining that autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Despite its simplicity, recent progress has demonstrated that autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles, which are sometimes complex.

Autophagy consists of these sequential steps that operate akin to recycling of metals, glass, plastic etc. (it is being presumed that cells that have undergone neoplastic transformation don’t undergo autophagy and caloric overload and nitrogen overload tend to inhibit autophagy while favouring neoplastic transformation.).

1. Non-neoplastic cellular senescence

2. Senescent cell sequestration,

3. Transport of debris to lysosomes, (digestion eliminates incidental contagions as well a step that likely inhibits neoplasia.)

4. Lysosomal digestive degradation,

5. Re-utilization of degradation products

What is Autophagy?

During starvation, cells break down proteins and other cell components and use them for energy. During autophagy, cells also undergo cleansing as this process eliminates viruses and bacteria and get rid of damaged cell structures that tend to be toxic and accelerate aging. It’s a process that is critical for cell health, renewal, and survival.

Yoshinori Ohsumi’s Work

Single cell organisms, plants, and lower animals and possibly even subhuman primate rely on autophagy to combat and survive through famines. Autophagy genes of humans likely lost their fierce famine fighting function because of adoption of nomadism by humans to escape fierce famine and offer powerful rejuvenation properties. Autophagy genes of humans, mammals and other higher organisms continue to be anti-morbidogenic because decisive debris destruction design douses inflammaging and Ohsumi’s research demonstrated that autophagy protects against inflammaging and its aftermath of longevity lowering neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease dementia, carcinogenesis, metabolic syndrome, etc. including and.

Fasting for Health

Among humans’ adults feed intervals of 12 to 24+ hours trigger autophagy, and foster fasting longevity. Intervals shorter than 10 hours likely offer no such benefit. The ideal feeding habit of senior population therefore would be one restricted to two modest volume meals per day spaced by 12 hours or better yet 16/8 hours apart. Dr. Valter Longo, PhD the director of the Longevity Institute at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, prescribes two meals a day in his book The Longevity Diet 2 J anuary 2018 to all adults except pregnant women. If someone eats their last meal at 4 p.m. and has breakfast the next day at 7 a.m., to constitute a 15-hour fast.

A massive volume of data demonstrates an apparently causal (based on dose dependence) association between habitual sparse feeding or highly efficient blood sugar level stabilization due to robust insulin efficiency and cellular influx of glucose which is associated with SHEAL effects of inflammaging inhibition, obesity prevention, escape from metabolic syndrome, and improved cognitive processing past age 69.

Fasting mimicking effect of strenuous physical activity

He et al published Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis in Nature Jan 2012 18;481(7382):511-15. doi: 10.1038/nature10758 reporting that exercise induces autophagy, BCL2 is a crucial regulator of exercise- (and starvation)-induced autophagy in vivo, and autophagy induction may contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.

Exercise has beneficial effects on human health, including protection against metabolic disorders such as diabetes. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. The lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, is an intracellular recycling system that functions during basal conditions in organelle and protein quality control. During stress, increased levels of autophagy permit cells to adapt to changing nutritional and energy demands through protein catabolism. Moreover, in animal models, autophagy protects against diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory diseases, ageing and insulin resistance. Here we show that acute exercise induces autophagy in skeletal and cardiac muscle of fed mice. To investigate the role of exercise-mediated autophagy in vivo, we generated mutant mice that show normal levels of basal autophagy but are deficient in stimulus (exercise- or starvation)-induced autophagy. These mice (termed BCL2 AAA mice) contain knock-in mutations in BCL2 phosphorylation sites (Thr69Ala, Ser70Ala and Ser84Ala) that prevent stimulus-induced disruption of the BCL2-beclin-1 complex and autophagy activation. BCL2 AAA mice show decreased endurance and altered glucose metabolism during acute exercise, as well as impaired chronic exercise-mediated protection against high-fat-diet-induced glucose intolerance.

“Sporadic short-term fasting, driven by religious and spiritual beliefs, is common to many cultures and has been practiced for millennia, but scientific analyses of the consequences of caloric restriction are more recent. Published studies indicate that the brain is spared many of the effects of short-term food restriction, perhaps because it is a metabolically privileged site that, relative to other organs, is protected from the acute effects of nutrient deprivation, including autophagy. We show here that this is not the case: short-term food restriction induces a dramatic upregulation of autophagy in cortical and Purkinje neurons …

Calorically restrained CHOICE feeding upregulates autophagy driven repair, regeneration and favours neurogenesis and NADAC in CNS neurons which must be viewed as the major determinant of accelerated ageing. Disruption of autophagy from glucose and protein overloading tends to accelerate aging and neurodegeneration.

Pro-neurogenesis effect of CHOICES diet or Optoxy combo.

upregulation of autophagy may have a neuroprotective effect.”

Published online 2010 Aug 14. doi: 10.4161/auto.6.6.12376

Alirezaei published Short-term fasting induces profound neuronal autophagy in Autophagy. 2010 Aug 16; 6(6): 702–710. Speculating based on their data set that sporadic fasting emeges as a simple, safe and inexpensive means to promote this potentially therapeutic neuronal response.

Disruption of autophagy—a key homeostatic process in which cytosolic components are degraded and recycled through lysosomes—can cause neurodegeneration in tissue culture and in vivo. Upregulation of this pathway may be neuroprotective, and much effort is being invested in developing drugs that cross the blood brain barrier and increase neuronal autophagy. One well-recognized way of inducing autophagy is by food restriction, which upregulates autophagy in many organs including the liver; but current dogma holds that the brain escapes this effect, perhaps because it is a metabolically privileged site. Here, we have re-evaluated this tenet using a novel approach that allows us to detect, enumerate and characterize autophagosomes in vivo. We first validate the approach by showing that it allows the identification and characterization of autophagosomes in the livers of food-restricted mice. We use the method to identify constitutive autophagosomes in cortical neurons and Purkinje cells, and we show that short-term fasting leads to a dramatic upregulation in neuronal autophagy. The increased neuronal autophagy is revealed by changes in autophagosome abundance and characteristics, and by diminished neuronal mTOR activity in vivo, demonstrated by a reduction in levels of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein in Purkinje cells. The increased abundance of autophagosomes in Purkinje cells was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy.

Fasting in the blue zones

In the blue zones region of Ikaria, long-living people there observe about 150 days of religious fasting a year.

Short overnight fast :

If you don’t eat after 7 or 9 p.m. until 7 or 9 a.m. ( after 6 or 10 p.m. until 6 or 10 a.m.) the next morning, it is termed a short overnight 12-hour fast and why our first meal of the day is called “breakfast.” There is data suggesting against having a major meal after 5 or 6 pm, while 4 pm is even more desirable.

“As research into autophagy has expanded, it has become clear that it is not simply a response to starvation. It also contributes to a range of physiological functions, such as inhibiting cancer cells and aging, eliminating pathogens and cleaning the insides of cells. We have also begun to see a small explosion in research that demonstrates a new function with the knocking out genes that contribute to autophagy. However, there is still much we do not know about the mechanism of autophagy and this calls for serious study. I hope to go on to study autophagy at the molecular level, to tackle the mechanism head-on. That is my mission.”

Sources Cited:

https://www.nature.com/articles/543S19a

https://www.bbc.com/news/health-44005092

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/nobel-honors-discoveries-how-cells-eat-themselves

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/03/yoshinori-ohsumi-wins-nobel-prize-in-medicine

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106288/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867411008282

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479440/

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/06/science/06cell.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22285542

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258505

Cynthia Thurlow Intermittent Fasting: Transformational Technique

Two-thirds of women 40-59 years old are overweight and more than 1/2 are obese. Intermittent fasting can help women lose weight effectively. And can have profound impact on bio-physical profiles, but also improved self esteem and interpersonal relationships. It is easy to implement, it is inexpensive and flexible. Cynthia is a Western medicine trained nurse practitioner and functional nutritionist who is passionate about female hormonal health. She believes that the inherent power of food and nutrition can be your greatest asset to your health and wellness journey. She works 1:1 with female clients and is the creator of Wholistic Blueprint a 6-week signature program for female hormonal health, she's also the co-host of Everyday Wellness podcast and a recurring segment contributor on her local ABC affiliate in Washington, DC.

Rohan Sehgal Why you are NOT losing weight

Rohan Sehgal talks about the mechanics of our body and what we're doing wrong, while trying to lose weight. Being an ex investment banker he uses the example of savings to compare how body stores fat. He also gives us an interesting solution to this problem. Rohan, an Ex-Investment Banker, is the founder of Rohan & Aparna Invitations, a luxury wedding invitations company. The founder of The Rohan Sehgal Show on Youtube, he shares learnings & insights that he picks up everyday with aim to inspire as many people as possible.

12 Centenarians Strategies

How to Live to 100

https://www.readersdigest.ca/health/healthy-living/how-to-live-to-100-blue-zone/

Long-term care homes are in a 'humanitarian crisis': Ont. doctors

More than 200 doctors and health-care workers are calling on the Ontario government to address what they call a 'humanitarian crisis' in long-term care homes. Dr. Amit Arya, co-founder of Doctors for Justice in Long-Term Care, lays out the group's concerns and the measures he thinks could reduce the number of deaths from COVID-19.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY11gUF-iwE

The simple things in life tend to make the biggest impact.

The secrets to a long, happy life

“Everything that is lost is lost, so why worry about it? I’m not worried about it.”

This is sage anti-stress advice from Ana Reyneri Fonseca Gutiérrez. She’s an elegant 104-year-old woman, just one of the many centenarians living in Costa Rica’s Blue Zone. She gave me a glimpse into their lives—and the secrets of living to be 100 years old.

Nicoya Peninsula Costa Rica with Jorge Vindas, Costa Rica’s Blue Zone expert, and met a dozen centenarians and almost-centenarians.

Essential or indispensable ingredients to longevity do not include

1. Massive wealth (being financially free does help with longevity),

2. Herbal and nutritional supplements (good Mediterranean style diet helps),

3. An expensive elite gym membership (being generally active helps),

4. Regularly enjoying splendid sleep. (shattered sleep does pose a hurdle)

5. Spirits free and Smoke-free life (some alcohol consumption helps and bar against smoking is not absolute.)

Geographically associated longevity. Some magical potion style environmental elements to longevity like the centenarians’ calcium- and magnesium-rich mysteriously blessed air water herbs and soil ingredients entering the local foods are nearly impossible to replicate outside of their naturally occurring locales like the Nicoya Peninsula, and other Blue Zones.

Why Japanese Children Are the Healthiest in The World.

What are the Blue Zones?

Popularized by National Geographic investigator journalist and producer Dan Buettner about 20 years ago.

The term Blue Zones was coined by Michel Poulain, PhD, and Giovanni Pes, PhD, a demographics professor, a physician, from data gathered in Sardinia, Italy, who discovered clusters of villagers exhibiting exceptional longevity.

The five Blue Zones are: Sardinia Italy, Nicoya Peninsula Costa Rica, Okinawa Japan, Ikaria Greece, and Loma Linda in California (it’s disputed).

Each Blue Zone shows its own unique characteristics, but share several features.

1. A sizable fraction of populations of centenarians or near-centenarians (nonagenarians 90s)

2. Population living in general good health and in good spirits and outstanding social harmony, cohesive social connectivity and a life of simplicity devoid of digital addiction etc. Classic features of the Blue Zone lifestyle are seriously relaxed or well rested, stress-free, simplified, and sophistication deprived lifestyle.

3. Generally active lifestyle with ample daily manual labor except Sabbath.

4. Plant based diet with garnishing of animal sourced proteins and sugar sparing.

5. Corruption free stable governance without social unrest chaos or conflict and committed to ecological sustainability.

Costa Rica’s super-simplified and stressless lifestyle

Costa Rica, ambience is constantly filled of social transactions of word pair “¡pura vida!” -pronounced “poor-ah vee-dah,” - the word that to Costa Ricans signifies “hello,” “welcome,” and “goodbye,” as well as question and answer “how are you?” It means “pure life” or “simple life,” and it characterizes the way they choose to live—relaxed, low stress, simple, and easy.

Costa Rican longevity gene pool

Costa Rican gene pool appears to be imprinted with longevity because these cohorts tend to live longer and happier lives even if they no longer reside in the Blue Zones. This genetically determined propensity for optimism and outdoorsiness of Costa Rica is the likely basis why this region ranks among the top ten of world’s happiest country list several our times. World Economic Forum reports Costa Rica’s good lifestyle is facilitated by the government’s focus on its people and the environment in which they live. Because Costa Rica eliminated its armed forces 70 years ago, it is able to allocate the defence budget in education, health care, biodiversity, renewable energy, reforestation, sustainability etc.

Though most of us can’t move to Costa Rica, we can take a vacation there. My trip to Costa Rica was the ideal way for me to get into the pura vida groove and adopt some of the practices I learned from meeting Costa Rica’s Blue Zone centenarians.

Power of regular low-intensity exercise or NEAT (non exercise activity thermogenesis) esp. when engaged in food cultivation and low-level food processing linked chores.

Every known centenarian practice and emphasises the importance of remaining physically and often sexually active. A robust level of activity tends to spare knee and hips from arthritis.The observation that the centenarians are ambulatory even if and some use canes and walkers that could be the result of selection because sedentariness precludes becoming a centenarian. Scarcity of marathoners among centenarians suggests marathon grade strenuous activity tends to be counterproductive. A vast majority of centenarians religiously subscribe to habit of taking a short brisk hike often in the morning. Instead of and elite gym membership centenarians lead a life with ample physical labour. Usually, they begin an active life early on as children, as they tend to be expected to contribute to family economy via harvesting fruits and vegetables, milking cows or such chores that are hallmarks of rural lifestyle. And this continues in the adult years, most worked the land in some way, by cattle farming, cutting wood, growing produce, milking cows, grinding corn etc. Participation in food production, cooking etc., tends to cultivate a centenarian mindset.

Consumption of natural, pre-overprocessing or verdant-virgin foods

Farm proximate fresh foods or verdant-virgin food items from freshly picked fruits, corn on the cob etc., which have undergone minimal processing from being harvested are powerfully conducive to reaching the age of 99+. P-fruits from pears, passion fruit, papaya, to pineapple tend to be health promoting. The inevitability of consumption of mainly verdant-virgin foods favours those sustaining themselves on very modest income.

Nicoya’s centenarians eat a simple and fresh diet, partially because many do not have higher incomes more common in Costa Rica’s big cities or easy access to shopping centres and restaurants. The diets of most centenarians tend to be low in calorie sparse, while the decadent diets of the obscenely wealthy tend to be calorie dense.

Calorie sparse diets or CHOICE diets are known to slow aging.

The centenarians tell me about typical meals. Most ingredients are grown nearby, and dishes are made at home. Corn tortillas and black beans are staples. Vegetables and fruits, like zucchini, pumpkin, cassava, squash, yam, and plantain are featured prominently. The centenarians aren’t vegetarians, though several tell me that meat used to taste a lot better than it does now. José de la Cruz Espinoza Quintanilla, who’s 103 years old, tells me he loves beans with “not too much pork fat, but enough.”

Healthy habits

Most of the centenarians tell me they keep vices to a minimum, although that wasn’t necessarily the case in their younger days. Maria Trinidad Espinoza Medina, 102, lives a horseback ride away from Pachito, and he frequently visits her. “No drugs, no smoking, no drinking, or parties,” she says, but several of the men tell me they smoked and drank at one point. In addition to exercise, healthy eating, and minimal vices, Costa Rica’s Blue Zone centenarians say that they sleep well but not a lot. Several make a point of telling me that they don’t even take an afternoon siesta. “No one will find me sleeping after 5 a.m,” Pablo Castillo Carillo, 96, says, as chickens walk through his yard. But he confesses that he sometimes drinks a beer and that his doctor has approved one beer per month.

Strong families and a sense of purpose

Most of the centenarians live with family or have family within walking distance who visit daily. Relatives bring groceries, help prepare meals, eat with their elders, and keep them company. Meals aren’t for fuel but for connecting with family and friends.

Almost all of the centenarians I meet have many children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. The centenarians are role models for the younger generations, and providing them with advice ensures that the elders have a sense of purpose. This is an important role for their families and for their own longevity. Studies show that those of us with life goals have better physical and mental health and a better quality of life. In fact, knowing your purpose in life can help you live longer.

Almost-centenarian Juan proudly poses for a photo with his 11-year-old great-grandson, Asdrubal. I ask Asdrubal whether he also wants to live to be 100. His shy answer is “yes,” but he’s more confident answering my question of how he’ll do that: “I will follow the example of my great-grandfather!”

Helping others helps you live longer

Blue Zone centenarians often have a strong social network, as well as gain a sense of purpose by helping their neighbors and community. Explaining her secrets to long life, Maria tells me: “Be a good person. Don’t do bad things to others. Love everyone.” Each centenarian tells me stories about looking out for others and sharing, and Pachito, our horseback rider, explains that whenever his family would kill a pig, they would ensure that all the neighbours received a portion. He says that “in the past, friendship was the most important” and adds regretfully that now money is more important and that respect for others has lessened.

Consider trying these random acts of kindness for every month of the year.

A strong faith

Religion is a central part of the centenarians’ lives. Vindas, Costa Rica’s centenarian expert, founded a non-profit to support Nicoya’s centenarians, called the Asociación Península de Nicoya Zona Azul. He explains that all the people he works with were born into the Catholic faith, though some converted to other religions. The centenarians’ advice is to follow God’s instructions and to be thankful to God.

A positive outlook and few regrets

Whether almost at age 100 or past it, everyone I meet has a positive outlook and says they have “tranquil” lives. They do miss family and friends who have not lived as long as they have, and I hear stories of difficult times. But they don’t dwell on things. I ask each centenarian what worries them, and they all reply with an emphatic “nothing!” and seem to find the very question absurd.

The only regret I hear is that they all wish they could continue to do more of the work that they have always done. “My only worry is that I can continue to stay well so I can work,” Pablo says. Dominga Álvarez Rosales, 104, adds, “I’d like to work all day long if I could.”

Now, for North American workaholics like me, it’s important to note that none of these centenarians are saying they wish they’d spent more time in the office. Their work is the physical activity that makes their families, homes, and communities better and is interspersed with the opportunity to connect with the land on which they live and with other people.

Need some help adjusting your perspective? Try following these simple steps to become a more thankful person.

The centenarian life

While it’s obvious that the centenarians aren’t spring chickens, most look at least 30 years younger than their actual age. Dominga, for example, is 104 but looks 75. And she’s passed on her good genes: Her daughter, Edith, looks to be in her late 40s, and my mouth drops in disbelief when she tells me she’s 73 years old.

No one is in perfect health, of course. Some are missing teeth, many are hard of hearing, and several of them need help getting in and out of their chairs (or on their horses). Once they’re moving, though, they’re pretty agile.

They’re all sharp, too. Vindas tests them on occasion as a way to see if his organization can help them with more specialized care. For example, he purposely uses the wrong name for one woman’s father. She doesn’t miss a beat, quickly correcting him as she continues her story. Most of the centenarians tell jokes and draw laughs from family members, and each is clearly happy to be the centre of attention.

Here are more tips that will help you live to 100!

health benefits of walking 10,000 steps a day.

Don’t miss these ways to boost your brain power at any age.

Dr. Valter Longo, Ph.D. on Fasting-Mimicking Diet & Fasting for Longevity, Cancer & Multiple Sclerosis

Dr. Rhonda Patrick speaks with Dr. Valter Longo, a professor of gerontology and biological sciences and director of the longevity institute at the University of Southern California. Dr. Longo has made huge contributions to the field of aging, including the role of fasting and diet in longevity and healthspan in humans as well as metabolic fasting therapies for the treatment of human diseases.

▶︎ Get the show notes!

In this conversation, Rhonda and Valter discuss...

• The effects of prolonged fasting, which refers to 2-3 day fasting intervals in mice and 4-5 days in humans.

• Dr. Longo’s work on the fasting-mimicking diet, which is 5 day restricted diet that is meant to simulate some of the biological effects of prolonged fasting while still allowing some food.

• How clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy for this diet for type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and cancer patients.

• Fasting as an inducer of differential stress resistance, where it can simultaneously make cancer cells more sensitive to death while also making healthy cells more resistant to these same death stimuli (such as chemotherapy) which might otherwise induce cell death amongst healthy cells as collateral damage.

• Fasting as a biological state which humans historically experienced with extreme regularity and we may ultimately need in order to mitigate various disease states.

• The effects of prolonged fasting on the immune system, namely, how it clears away damaged white blood cells via autophagy and how this causes hematopoietic stem cells to self renew and make more stem cells and also produce new blood cells to fully replenish the white blood cell population.

• How prolonged fasting causes a shift in the immune cell population towards one that is more representative of youth by normalizing the ratio of myeloid cells to lymphoid cells.

• The positive effects of prolonged fasting and the fasting-mimicking diet on markers of systemic inflammation, blood glucose levels and other aging biomarkers.

• The conclusions of Dr. Longo & Dr. Marcus Bock’s research comparing 1 week of the fasting-mimicking diet followed by 6 months of mediterranean diet to six months of a ketogenic diet in people with multiple sclerosis.

• The strange, somewhat paradoxical role of autophagy genes in cancer progression and some of the open questions surrounding the exact role that these genes are playing.

• Dr. Longo’s high level thoughts on metformin as an anti-aging drug.

• How the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis is one of the most important genetic pathways in aging from yeast to worms to mice to humans.

Dr. Valter Longo, Ph.D. and Dr. Panda : Webinar It's Not What You Eat, but When: The Impact of Diet on Healthy Aging

AFAR experts Valter Longo, Ph.D. and Satchin Panda, Ph.D. presented on caloric restriction, the fasting-mimicking diet, and the circadian code. AFAR Scientific Director Steven Austad, Ph.D. moderated the webinar and Q&A.

National Insitute of Health webinar Intermittent Fasting and Time-Restricted Eating:

In this webinar, three experts presented research on intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in human and animal models. The speakers described biological, psychosocial, and behavioral mechanisms associated with each time-based dietary approach as well as their impact on cancer outcomes. The webinar concluded with Q&A.

National Cancer Institute (NCI) staff also provided information about the recently published NCI provocative question #2 related to intermittent fasting. It addresses Biomarkers, Body Composition, and Cancer Outcomes

Dr. Valter Longo Fasting: Awakening the Rejuvenation from Within

Dr. Longo is the Edna M. Jones Professor of Gerontology and Biological Sciences, and Director of the Longevity Institute at the University of Southern California – Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles. Dr. Longo’s studies focus on the fundamental mechanisms of aging in simple organisms, mice and humans. The Longo laboratory has identified several genetic pathways that regulate aging in simple organisms and reduce the incidence of multiple diseases in mice and humans. His laboratory also described both dietary and genetic interventions that protect cells and improve the treatment and prevention of cancer and other diseases in mammals. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1997 and his postdoctoral training in the Neurobiology of Aging and Alzheimer’s Diseases at USC. He started his independent career in 2000 at the University of Southern California, School of Gerontology.

Cynthia Thurlow :Intermittent Fasting: Transformational Technique

Mark Mattson Why fasting bolsters brain power