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By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Understand sanitation as a global development issue.
Discuss how child mortality rates are associated with inadequate sanitation and open defecation.
Analyse how achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation contributes to achieving other goals to reduce preventable child mortality.
A hanging latrine (toilet) located over a rice paddy in Bangladesh.
Safe water and sanitation are basic human rights; yet, the UN estimates nearly 1000 children die per day due to preventable diseases caused by inadequate water and sanitation.
Sanitation systems and facilities safely treat and dispose of human bodily waste (urine and faeces) and sewage.
Due to their developing immune systems, children are especially vulnerable to infectious diseases spread due to inadequate sanitation. This lesson investigates sanitation as a global development issue and the relationship between sanitation and child mortality.
Inadequate sanitation remains one of the greatest challenges to improving health and wellbeing across the globe.
As part of its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the UN aimed to halve the number of people lacking access to improved sanitation facilities between1990 and 2015. Despite 2.1 billion more people gaining access in this time, global population has also increased and nearly 2.4 billion people still lack adequate sanitation.
Improved sanitation refers to a range of facilities that safely separate waste from human contact.
When people cannot access improved sanitation facilities, they must resort to using "unimproved" or communal facilities, or openly defecating.
Unimproved sanitation facilities don't prevent human excreta from coming into human contact or polluting the environment. Examples include pit latrines (also called long drops) without slabs covering the pit, hanging latrines (shown below) and bucket latrines.
Open defecation is when people defecate in open spaces such as in fields, bushes, street gutters or open bodies of water.
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