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Hypersomnolence Disorder

Prevalence

Approximately 5%-10% of individuals who consult in sleep disorders clinics with complaints of daytime sleepiness are diagnosed as having hypersomnolence disorder.
Hypersomnolence occurs with relatively equal frequency in males and females.

Hypersomnolence can be increased temporarily by psychological stress and alcohol use, but they have not been documented as environmental precipitating factors.
Viral infections have been reported to have preceded or accompanied hypersomnolence in about 10% of cases.
Viral infections (e.g., HIV pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome) can also evolve into hypersomnolence within months after the infection.
Hypersomnolence can also appear within 6-18 months following a head trauma.

Hypersomnolence may be familial, with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Self-reported excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence) despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours, with at least one of the following symptoms:
1. Recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep within the same day.
2. A prolonged main sleep episode of more than 9 hours per day that is nonrestorative (i.e., unrefreshing).
3. Difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening.

The hypersomnolence occurs at least three times per week, for at least 3 months.
The hypersomnolence is accompanied by significant distress or impairment in cognitive, social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
The hypersomnolence is not better explained by and does not occur exclusively during the course of another sleep disorder (e.g., narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorder, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, or a parasomnia).
The hypersomnolence is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication).

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