Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder

Prevalence

• Major or mild frontotemporal NCD is a common cause of early-onset NCD in individuals younger than 65 years.

• Population prevalence estimates are in the range of 2-10 per 100,000.

• Approximately 20%-25% of cases of frontotemporal NCD occur in individuals older than 65 years.

• Prevalence estimates of behavioral variant and semantic language variant are higher among males.

• Prevalence estimates of nonfluent language variant are higher among females.

Symptoms

• The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.

• The disturbance has insidious onset and gradual progression.

• Either (1) or (2):

1. Behavioral variant:

• • • Three or more of the following behavioral symptoms:

i. Behavioral disinhibition.

ii. Apathy or inertia.

iii. Loss of sympathy or empathy.

iv. Perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behavior.

v. Hyperorality and dietary changes.

• • • Prominent decline in social cognition and/or executive abilities.

2. Language variant:

• • • Prominent decline in language ability, in the form of speech production, word finding, object naming, grammar, or word comprehension.

• Relative sparing of learning and memory and perceptual-motor function.

• The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neuro-degenerative disease, the effects of a substance, or another mental, neurological, or systemic disorder