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1.8% for women whose symptoms meet the full criteria without functional impairment.
1.3% for women whose symptoms meet the current criteria with functional impairment and without co-occurring symptoms from another mental disorder.
Stress.
History of interpersonal trauma.
Seasonal changes.
Sociocultural aspects of female sexual behavior in general, and female gender role in particular.
Heritability of premenstrual dysphoric disorder is unknown.
Women who use oral contraceptives may have fewer premenstrual complaints than do women who do not use oral contraceptives.
One (or more) of the following symptoms must be present:
Marked affective lability (e.g., mood swings: feeling suddenly sad or tearful, or increased sensitivity to rejection).
Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts.
Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts.
Marked anxiety, tension, and/or feelings of being keyed up or on edge.
One (or more) of the following symptoms must additionally be present, to reach a total of five symptoms when combined with the symptoms listed above:
Decreased interest in usual activities.
Subjective difficulty in concentration.
Lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy.
Marked change in appetite; overeating; or specific food cravings.
Hypersomnia or insomnia.
A sense of being overwhelmed or out of control.
Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sensation of “bloating,” or weight gain.
The symptoms are associated with clinically significant distress or interference with work, school, usual social activities, or relationships with others.
The disturbance is not merely an exacerbation of the symptoms of another disorder.
The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.