Hypomagnesiumnia 

Symptoms : 

complications : seizures, arrythmia 

Causes 

• common afer GI surgery 

• refeeding syndome ( look at potassium and phosphate ) 

• renal loss 

• diuretic use

• pantoprazole use > 1 year 

When replacing magnesium, not to correct no fast / too much, can result in magnesium toxicity - heart can stop - 

magnesium toxicity - immediate give calcium gluconate 

hypermagnesiamia 

causes -see in  chronic kidney disease, burn, metabolic acidosis

mg>3mmol/ 

give calcium gluconate 

consider hemodialysis if not coming down