Embedded Files
Page start up on 03.12.2025_06:48 (UTC+2 / Păcureți, Slavu, Prahova, România). 6ºC, Humedad 92%, Viento 5 km/h > 45°09'24.6"N 26°07'27.7"E
Secțiunea 1. SECTION 1. Sección 1.
Palabras introductorias del admin / Cuvinte introductive de-ale admin
Secțiunea 2. SECTION 2. Sección 2.
(1) 03:28 23 dic 2022 Ayord discusión contribs. 6.576 bytes (+5019).
(2) 09:34 12 nov 2025 5ergiu1211 discusión contribs. m 20.985 bytes (0).
Secțiunea 3. SECTION 3. Sección 3.
(1) 21:07, 17 December 2009 Ketiltrout talk contribs m 4.476 bytes (+20).
(2) 13:53 12 feb 2010 MaxBech1975 discusión contribs. 7.598 bytes +7598 Traducción del artículo New Soviet man de la Wikipedia en inglés y pequeña ampliación del mismo.
The New Soviet man or New Soviet person (Russian: новый советский человек), as postulated by the ideologists of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was an archetype of a person with certain qualities that were said to be emerging as dominant among all citizens of the Soviet Union, irrespective of the country's long-standing cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, creating a single Soviet people, Soviet nation.[1]
Leon Trotsky wrote in his Literature and Revolution [2] :
"The human species, the sluggish Homo sapiens, will once again enter the stage of radical reconstruction and become in his own hands the object of the most complex methods of artificial selection and psychophysical training... Man will make it his goal...to create a higher sociobiological type, a superman, if you will"
The questions about the forming of the "new" Soviet man were posed from the first days of the October Revolution. As Wilhelm Reich wrote: "Will the new socio-economic system reproduce itself in the structure of the people's character? If so, how? Will his traits be inherited by his children? Will he be a free, self-regulating personality? Will the elements of freedom incorporated into the structure of the personality make any authoritarian forms of government unnecessary?"[3]
The three major changes postulated to be indispensable for the building of the communist society were economical and political changes, accompanied with the changes in the human personality. [citation needed]
The Soviet man was to be selfless, learned, healthy and enthusiastic in spreading the socialist Revolution. Adherence to Marxism-Leninism, and individual behaviour consistent with that philosophy's prescriptions, were among the crucial traits expected of the New Soviet man.
Author and philosopher Bernard Byhovsky, Ph.D. writes: "The new man is endowed, first of all, with a new ethical outlook." [4]
Among the major traits of a new Soviet man was selfless collectivism. This trait was glorified from the first Soviet days, as exemplified by lines from the poem Vladimir Ilyich Lenin by the Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky:
Who needs a "1"?
The voice of a "1"
is thinner than a squeak.
Who will hear it?
Only the wife...
A "1" is nonsense.
A "1" is zero.
Fictional characters and presentations of contemporary celebrities embodying this model were prominent features of Soviet cultural life, especially at times when fostering the concept of the New Soviet man was given special priority by the government.
Some critics of the Soviet Union argue that a new kind of person was indeed created by the Soviet system, but hold that this new man - which they call Homo Sovieticus - was in many ways the opposite of the ideal of the New Soviet man.
See also
Non Communist:
References
Nikolay Ustryalov, From NEP to Soviet Socialism (1934) (text online) Template:Ru icon
Richard Pipes Communism: A History (2001) ISBN 0-812-96864-6, pages 68-69.
Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism, Chapter 8, Masses and the State
Bernard Bykhovsky, The New Man in the Making (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House)
Kheveshi M. An Explanatory Dictionary of the Ideological and Political Terms of the Soviet Period (Хевеши М.А. Толковый словарь идеологических и политических терминов советского периода.) Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (2002) ISBN 5-7133-1147-3 Template:Ru icon
Herschel and Edith Alt, The New Soviet Man. His Upbringing and Character Development, New York: Bookman Associates, Inc., 1964 (from a review: "The aim of the Alts' study was to portray the impact upon the character of the individual of the entire Soviet system, of which child rearing and education are a part.")
El nuevo hombre soviético o la nueva persona soviética (ruso: новый советский человек, transliterado como novyj sovietskij chelovek)[1], tal como fue teóricamente postulado por los ideólogos del Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética (PCUS), fue un arquetipo ideal de persona con cualidades socialistas y altruistas que supuestamente se había vuelto dominante entre los ciudadanos de la ex URSS. Por lo tanto, ellos sugerían que más allá del históricamente largo trasfondo cultural, étnico y de diversidad lingüística (heredados por otro lado del antiguo imperio ruso), había nacido un único pueblo soviético o una sola nueva nación[2] dentro de las fronteras del Estado comunista.
Por su parte, León Trotsky, quien fuera el organizador original del Ejército Rojo y uno de los principales asistentes de Lenin durante la Revolución bolchevique, escribió en su obra “Literatura y revolución”[3] que::”La especie humana, el perezoso Homo sapiens, ingresará otra vez en la etapa de la reconstrucción radical y se convertirá en sus propias manos en el objeto de los más complejos métodos de la selección artificial [en oposición a la selección natural darwiniana] y del entrenamiento psicofísico. El hombre logrará su meta... para crear un tipo sociobiológico superior, un superhombre (Übermensch), si se quiere”. El mismo Trotsky es también el autor de la muy ambiciosa afirmación de que “bajo el comunismo un hombre medio podría llegar a ser un Marx, un Aristóteles o un Goethe, y por encima de tales picos, cumbres aún mayores”. Por lo tanto, la cuestión referente a la paulatina conformación de un “nuevo hombre” ya había surgido desde los primeros días posteriores al triunfo de la Revolución bolchevique.
Como se preguntó Wilhelm Reich: “¿Se reproducirá el nuevo sistema socioeconómico mismo en la estructura del carácter de la gente? De ser así, ¿cómo? ¿Serán sus rasgos heredados por sus hijos? ¿Tendrá él una personalidad libre y autorregulatoria? ¿Harán los elementos de libertad incorporados en la estructura de la personalidad innecesarias las formas de gobiernos autoritarias?”[4]
Los tres principales cambios postulados para la construcción de una eventual sociedad comunista eran del tipo económico, político y relacionados a la personalidad humana. Se esperaba que el hombre soviético no fuese egoísta (es decir, fuese altruista), además de saludable, culto, y fuese un entusiasta difusor de la “definitiva” revolución socialista. Respecto de esto último, la adhesión al marxismo-leninismo, y un comportamiento individual consistente con los dogmas y las prescripciones de dicha filosofía político-económica, estaban entre los rasgos cruciales e inexcusables que se esperaban del nuevo hombre soviético. El “Diccionario de comunismo científico”, publicado por la desaparecida Editorial Progreso, en su artículo “Educación ateísta” hablaba de un “hombre nuevo pertrechado con la ideología marxista leninista, libre de la carga de supervivencias del pasado”.[5]
El autor y filósofo doctor Bernard Byjovski (o Bykhovsky), escribe sucintamente al respecto "El nuevo hombre está dotado, primero que todo, de una nueva perspectiva ética”.[6]
Uno de los principales rasgos del “nuevo hombre soviético” era el colectivismo altruista, lejos del egoísmo individualista típico de las sociedades burguesas y capitalistas. Aquella supuestamente deseable característica ya había sido exaltada y glorificada desde los primeros días del gobierno comunista de la URSS, como lo ejemplifican las siguientes líneas del poema “Vladímir Ilich Lenin”, escrito por el conocido poeta Vladímir Mayakovski en honor al fundador del régimen soviético:
¿Quién necesita a “1”?
La voz de “1” es más tenue que un chirrido.
¿Quién la oirá?
Sólo su esposa...
A “1” no tiene sentido.
A “1” es cero.
Varios personajes de ficción y obras de teatro relativas a algunas celebridades contemporáneas soviéticas representaron y encarnaron las características culturales prominentes que se esperaban de este nuevo modelo de hombre socialista promovido por el régimen comunista de la URSS. No obstante, algunos críticos de la Unión Soviética (incluso dentro de sus fronteras) argumentan que el régimen comunista de veras creó una nueva clase de persona, pero aseveran que ésta -a la que ellos denominan jocosa o irónicamente Homo sovieticus era en muchas formas el opuesto del idealizado nuevo hombre soviético.
Véase también
Artículos relacionados a la Unión Soviética:
No relacionados a la URSS:
Sueño americano (American dream, literalmente “sueño estadounidense”)
Referencias
Esta obra contiene una traducción derivada de «New Soviet man» de Wikipedia en inglés, publicada por sus editores bajo la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU y la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
En esta transliteración se ha preferido usar la letra jota y no la ye o i griega para representar el carácter cirílico й (similar a una i semiconsonante), dejando la y para transliterar la letra rusa ы.
Nikolái Ustrialov, “(“De la NEP al socialismo soviético”, 1934 (en ruso).
Richard Pipes, Communism: A history, 2001, ISBN 0-812-96864-6, páginas 68-69.
Wilhelm Reich, The mass psychology of fascism (“La psicología de masas del fascismo”), capítulo 8, Masses and the State (“Las masas y el Estado”).
Nauchnyj Kommunizm - Slovar, Moscú, entonces Unión Soviética, Editorial Progreso (Progress), 1975 (Traducción al español, 1981, página 135).
Bernard Bykhovsky, El nuevo hombre en la creación, Editorial Agencia Novosti Press, Moscú.
Bibliografía
M.A Kheveshi o M.A. Jeveshi (М.А. Хевеши), Толковый словарь идеологических и политических терминов советского периода (transliterado como Tolkovyi slovar ideolog(u)icheskij ipoliticheskij terminov sovietskogo perioda, “Diccionario explicativo de los términos ideológicos y políticos del período soviético”), Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, Moscú, 2002, ISBN 5-7133-1147-3 (en ruso).
Herschel y Edith Alt, The new Soviet man. His upbringing and character development (“El nuevo hombre soviético. Su crianza y el desarrollo de su personalidad”), Bookman Associates, Inc., Nueva York, 1964 (Una crítica de esa obra comentó que: “El objetivo del estudio de Alts era representar el impacto de todo el sistema soviético sobre el carácter del individuo, del cual la crianza y educación de los niños son una parte [importante]”).
The New Soviet man or New Soviet person (Russian: новый советский человек), as postulated by the ideologists of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was an archetype of a person with certain qualities that were said to be emerging as dominant among all citizens of the Soviet Union, irrespective of the country's long-standing cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, creating a single Soviet people, Soviet nation.[1]
Leon Trotsky wrote in his Literature and Revolution [2] :
"The human species, the sluggish Homo sapiens, will once again enter the stage of radical reconstruction and become in his own hands the object of the most complex methods of artificial selection and psychophysical training... Man will make it his goal...to create a higher sociobiological type, a superman, if you will"
The questions about the forming of the "new" Soviet man were posed from the first days of the October Revolution. As Wilhelm Reich wrote: "Will the new socio-economic system reproduce itself in the structure of the people's character? If so, how? Will his traits be inherited by his children? Will he be a free, self-regulating personality? Will the elements of freedom incorporated into the structure of the personality make any authoritarian forms of government unnecessary?"[3]
The three major changes postulated to be indispensable for the building of the communist society were economical and political changes, accompanied with the changes in the human personality. [citation needed]
The Soviet man was to be selfless, learned, healthy and enthusiastic in spreading the socialist Revolution. Adherence to Marxism-Leninism, and individual behaviour consistent with that philosophy's prescriptions, were among the crucial traits expected of the New Soviet man.
Author and philosopher Bernard Byhovsky, Ph.D. writes: "The new man is endowed, first of all, with a new ethical outlook." [4]
Among the major traits of a new Soviet man was selfless collectivism. This trait was glorified from the first Soviet days, as exemplified by lines from the poem Vladimir Ilyich Lenin by the Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky:
Who needs a "1"?
The voice of a "1"
is thinner than a squeak.
Who will hear it?
Only the wife...
A "1" is nonsense.
A "1" is zero.
Fictional characters and presentations of contemporary celebrities embodying this model were prominent features of Soviet cultural life, especially at times when fostering the concept of the New Soviet man was given special priority by the government.
Some critics of the Soviet Union argue that a new kind of person was indeed created by the Soviet system, but hold that this new man - which they call Homo Sovieticus - was in many ways the opposite of the ideal of the New Soviet man.
See also
Non Communist:
References
Nikolay Ustryalov, From NEP to Soviet Socialism (1934) (text online) Template:Ru icon
Richard Pipes Communism: A History (2001) ISBN 0-812-96864-6, pages 68-69.
Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism, Chapter 8, Masses and the State
Bernard Bykhovsky, The New Man in the Making (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House)
Kheveshi M. An Explanatory Dictionary of the Ideological and Political Terms of the Soviet Period (Хевеши М.А. Толковый словарь идеологических и политических терминов советского периода.) Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (2002) ISBN 5-7133-1147-3 Template:Ru icon
Herschel and Edith Alt, The New Soviet Man. His Upbringing and Character Development, New York: Bookman Associates, Inc., 1964 (from a review: "The aim of the Alts' study was to portray the impact upon the character of the individual of the entire Soviet system, of which child rearing and education are a part.")
The New Soviet man or New Soviet person (Russian: новый советский человек), as postulated by the ideologists of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was an archetype of a person with certain qualities that were said to be emerging as dominant among all citizens of the Soviet Union, irrespective of the country's long-standing cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, creating a single Soviet people, Soviet nation.[1]
Leon Trotsky wrote in his Literature and Revolution [2] :
"The human species, the sluggish Homo sapiens, will once again enter the stage of radical reconstruction and become in his own hands the object of the most complex methods of artificial selection and psychophysical training... Man will make it his goal...to create a higher sociobiological type, a superman, if you will"
The questions about the forming of the "new" Soviet man were posed from the first days of the October Revolution. As Wilhelm Reich wrote: "Will the new socio-economic system reproduce itself in the structure of the people's character? If so, how? Will his traits be inherited by his children? Will he be a free, self-regulating personality? Will the elements of freedom incorporated into the structure of the personality make any authoritarian forms of government unnecessary?"[3]
The three major changes postulated to be indispensable for the building of the communist society were economical and political changes, accompanied with the changes in the human personality. [citation needed]
The Soviet man was to be selfless, learned, healthy and enthusiastic in spreading the socialist Revolution. Adherence to Marxism-Leninism, and individual behaviour consistent with that philosophy's prescriptions, were among the crucial traits expected of the New Soviet man.
Author and philosopher Bernard Byhovsky, Ph.D. writes: "The new man is endowed, first of all, with a new ethical outlook." [4]
Among the major traits of a new Soviet man was selfless collectivism. This trait was glorified from the first Soviet days, as exemplified by lines from the poem Vladimir Ilyich Lenin by the Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky:
Who needs a "1"?
The voice of a "1"
is thinner than a squeak.
Who will hear it?
Only the wife...
A "1" is nonsense.
A "1" is zero.
Fictional characters and presentations of contemporary celebrities embodying this model were prominent features of Soviet cultural life, especially at times when fostering the concept of the New Soviet man was given special priority by the government.
Some critics of the Soviet Union argue that a new kind of person was indeed created by the Soviet system, but hold that this new man - which they call Homo Sovieticus - was in many ways the opposite of the ideal of the New Soviet man.
See also
Non Communist:
References
Nikolay Ustryalov, From NEP to Soviet Socialism (1934) (text online) Template:Ru icon
Richard Pipes Communism: A History (2001) ISBN 0-812-96864-6, pages 68-69.
Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism, Chapter 8, Masses and the State
Bernard Bykhovsky, The New Man in the Making (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House)
Kheveshi M. An Explanatory Dictionary of the Ideological and Political Terms of the Soviet Period (Хевеши М.А. Толковый словарь идеологических и политических терминов советского периода.) Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (2002) ISBN 5-7133-1147-3 Template:Ru icon
Herschel and Edith Alt, The New Soviet Man. His Upbringing and Character Development, New York: Bookman Associates, Inc., 1964 (from a review: "The aim of the Alts' study was to portray the impact upon the character of the individual of the entire Soviet system, of which child rearing and education are a part.")
The New Soviet man or New Soviet person (Russian: новый советский человек), as postulated by the ideologists of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was an archetype of a person with certain qualities that were said to be emerging as dominant among all citizens of the Soviet Union, irrespective of the country's long-standing cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, creating a single Soviet people, Soviet nation.[1]
Leon Trotsky wrote in his Literature and Revolution [2] :
"The human species, the sluggish Homo sapiens, will once again enter the stage of radical reconstruction and become in his own hands the object of the most complex methods of artificial selection and psychophysical training... Man will make it his goal...to create a higher sociobiological type, a superman, if you will"
The questions about the forming of the "new" Soviet man were posed from the first days of the October Revolution. As Wilhelm Reich wrote: "Will the new socio-economic system reproduce itself in the structure of the people's character? If so, how? Will his traits be inherited by his children? Will he be a free, self-regulating personality? Will the elements of freedom incorporated into the structure of the personality make any authoritarian forms of government unnecessary?"[3]
The three major changes postulated to be indispensable for the building of the communist society were economical and political changes, accompanied with the changes in the human personality. [citation needed]
The Soviet man was to be selfless, learned, healthy and enthusiastic in spreading the socialist Revolution. Adherence to Marxism-Leninism, and individual behaviour consistent with that philosophy's prescriptions, were among the crucial traits expected of the New Soviet man.
Author and philosopher Bernard Byhovsky, Ph.D. writes: "The new man is endowed, first of all, with a new ethical outlook." [4]
Among the major traits of a new Soviet man was selfless collectivism. This trait was glorified from the first Soviet days, as exemplified by lines from the poem Vladimir Ilyich Lenin by the Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky:
Who needs a "1"?
The voice of a "1"
is thinner than a squeak.
Who will hear it?
Only the wife...
A "1" is nonsense.
A "1" is zero.
Fictional characters and presentations of contemporary celebrities embodying this model were prominent features of Soviet cultural life, especially at times when fostering the concept of the New Soviet man was given special priority by the government.
Some critics of the Soviet Union argue that a new kind of person was indeed created by the Soviet system, but hold that this new man - which they call Homo Sovieticus - was in many ways the opposite of the ideal of the New Soviet man.
See also
Non Communist:
References
Nikolay Ustryalov, From NEP to Soviet Socialism (1934) (text online) Template:Ru icon
Richard Pipes Communism: A History (2001) ISBN 0-812-96864-6, pages 68-69.
Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism, Chapter 8, Masses and the State
Bernard Bykhovsky, The New Man in the Making (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House)
Kheveshi M. An Explanatory Dictionary of the Ideological and Political Terms of the Soviet Period (Хевеши М.А. Толковый словарь идеологических и политических терминов советского периода.) Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (2002) ISBN 5-7133-1147-3 Template:Ru icon
Herschel and Edith Alt, The New Soviet Man. His Upbringing and Character Development, New York: Bookman Associates, Inc., 1964 (from a review: "The aim of the Alts' study was to portray the impact upon the character of the individual of the entire Soviet system, of which child rearing and education are a part.")
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse