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About the Microbe
About the Microbe
Delftia acidovorans is a bacterium known for its ability, together with another bacterium species, Cupriavidus metallidurans, to produce gold nuggets. Layers of these bacteria dissolve gold into nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are able to move through rocks and soil and can be deposited in new locations as gold ore.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Eubacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
Family: Comamonadaceae
Genus: Delftia
Species: Delftia acidovorans
Visualizing the microbe
Visualizing the microbe
Delftia acidovorans is a gram negative microbe, and the individual cells have a bacillus morphology.
The image to the left is a gram stain of Delftia acidovorans.
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests
Below shows different diagnostic tests that can be done, as well as the expected results, to differentiate Delftia acidovorans from other microbes.
Mannitol Salt Agar
Mannitol Salt Agar
On a mannitol salt agar plate, Delftia acidovorans would have no growth and would remain a pink color meaning that it does not ferment mannitol and it cannot grow in 6.5% NaCl.
DNAse Plate
DNAse Plate
On a DNAse plate, Delftia acidovorans would have an absence of a colorless zone around the colonies, meaning that there is no deoxyribonuclease activity.
Anaerobic Chamber
Anaerobic Chamber
In an anaerobic chamber, Delftia acidovorans would not grow, meaning it is an aerobe because it requires oxygen to grow. Delftia acidovorans would resemble species C in this image.
Phenol Red Broth
Phenol Red Broth
In a phenol red broth test, Delftia acidovorans would produce red liquid with no air bubbles present, meaning that it is not a glucose fermenter and there is also no gas production.
SIM Medium Deep Agar
SIM Medium Deep Agar
In a SIM medium deep agar test, Delftia acidovorans would appear a yellowish color for both the sulfur reduction and the indole production test, meaning it does not produce hydrogen sulfide or undergo tryptophan hydrolysis. It would be positive for motility.
Catalase Test
Catalase Test
In a catalase test, Delftia acidovorans would produce bubbles, meaning that the enzyme is present, and it detoxifies hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Oxidase Test
Oxidase Test
In the oxidase test, Delftia acidovorans would appear blue, meaning it produces certain cytochrome c oxidases.
Glucose Oxidative Oxidizer Test
Glucose Oxidative Oxidizer Test
A glucose oxidative oxidizer test, Delftia acidovorans would appear yellow, which shows that it is not a glucose oxidizer.
Gram Stain
Gram Stain
A gram stain of Delftia acidovorans would show that it is gram negative as it appears reddish and that is also a bacillus shape.
Disease & Treatment
Disease & Treatment
Is Delftia acidovorans a pathogen?
Delftia acidovorans is a pathogen but it is a rare one. It is most commonly acquired in a hospital setting and infects hospitalized immunocompromised, and sometimes immunocompetent, patients. Once infected, Delftia acidovorans effects the respiratory system and causes pneumonia with side effects including a cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea, and hypoxia. A fever is usually not reported. Severe cases can result in bacteremia, and usually results from a contaminated intravenous catheter. Infection can be prevented by ensuring that equipment used on patients in a hospital setting is sterilized. Contaminated equipment is the leading way that people become infected by Delftia acidovorans.
Where can Delftia acidovorans traditionally found?
Delftia acidovorans is usually found in soil, water, and the hospital setting. In a person, it can be isolated from the respiratory tract, the eyes and blood.
Which antibiotics or treatments work against Delftia acidovorans?
Antibiotics have been reported to be successful in treating a Delftia acidovorans infection, however it is reported that Delftia acidovorans is often resistant to aminoglycosides, ampicillin-sul-bactam, gentamycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. Antibiotics used in documented cases include expanded and broad-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam.
References
References
1.
Taxonomy browser (Delftia acidovorans SPH-1).
Bilgin H, Sarmis A, Tigen E, Soyletir G, Mulazimoglu L. 2015. Delftia Acidovorans : A Rare Pathogen in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients. The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale / AMMI Canada 26:277–279.
Schleheck D, Knepper TP, Fischer K, Cook AM. 2004. Mineralization of individual congeners of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate by defined pairs of heterotrophic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:4053–4063.
Perry BJ, Bergsveinson J, Tambalo DD, Yost CK, Khan NH, Whiting M. 2017. Complete Genome Sequence of Delftia acidovorans RAY209, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium for Canola and Soybean. Genome Announc
Opota O, Barbara N, Giorgio Z, Katia J, Gilbert G, Guy P. 2014. Bacteremia Caused by Comamonas kerstersii in a Patient with Diverticulosis. J Clin Microbiol 52:1009–1012.
Chotikanatis K, Bäcker M, Rosas-Garcia G, Hammerschlag MR. 2011. Recurrent Intravascular-Catheter-Related Bacteremia Caused by Delftia acidovorans in a Hemodialysis Patient. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49:3418–3421.
Quail A, Karrer E, Warren RAJ. 1976. Polyamines in Bacteriophage φW-14 and in φW-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans. Journal of General Virology, 33:135–138.
Neuhard J, Maltman KL, Warren RA. 1980. Bacteriophage phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans synthesizes hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine triphosphate. J Virol 34:347–353.
About the Researcher
About the Researcher
The researcher who wrote this page is a third year microbiology and cell science major at the University of Florida. She is currently working towards a minor in anthropology and hoping to continue her studies at University of Florida College of Medicine.
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