Achromobacter denitrificans

The first documentation of Achromobacter denitrificans was in 1954. It was discovered by J. Gen.

The BSL level is 1. The required agar is Medium 18: Trypticase Soy Agar/Broth. It requires Aerobic conditions. To grow Achromobacter denitrificans upon, one must first open the vial in accordance with the instructions enclosed. Then, using a single tube of #3 broth, withdraw approximately 0.5 to 1.0 ml with a1.0 ml pipette to rehydrate the pellet. Next, one must transfer this back into the broth tube and mix the contents. Inoculate a second tube of broth, a slant, and/or plate for 24 to 48 hours at 26 degrees Celsius.

Kingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Proteobacteria

Class: Betaproteobacteria

Order: Burkholderiales

Family: Alcaligenaceae

Genus: Achromobacter

Species: A. denitrificans

Visualizing the microbe

Differentiation

Disease and Treatment

A. denitrificans is a pathogen. It causes pneumonia in its host. It does not have any benefits to the host. Infection typically occurs in individuals who have compromised immune systems or structural damage. The best method to prevent contraction of A. denitrificans is to take precautionary measures if you are immunocompromised. Wear a mask and wash your hands regularly, especially if you are in contact with soil in nature. Isolate yourself from individuals who are in heavy contact with nature, if you yourself are immunocompromised. A. denitrificans, is typically found in nature within soil. People care about this pathogen because reports of infection from this specific Achromobacter are incredibly rare. Infections from Achromobacter are typically treated with antipseudomonal agents. Some specific examples of these antibiotics would be Piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin. There are no other forms of treatment.

Diagnostic Tests

>NZ_CP053987.1 Achromobacter denitrificans strain FDAARGOS_786 chromosome, complete genome

CGAAGCCTTCATGCGGCTCCAGGCGCGCCCATTTCTCGTTGCGGCCTTCGCCTTCGCGCACTTCCACGGG

CTTCAGCACGCGGATGAATTGCTTGGGCGCGTTCTGTTCGACGATGCCGGCCGAGCGCAGCAGGTAGACG

AACGTCGCCGCGCTGCCGTCCATGATCGGCACTTCTTCGGCCGTCAGGTCGATGTGCAGGTTGTCGATCC

CCAGCCCGGCCAGCGCCGACATGAGGTGTTCGACCGTGGACACGCGGACGTTGCCCTGCTGGAGCACGGA

CGCCATGCGCGTGTCGCCCACGCCGGCCGCCTGGGCAGGCAGGTCCACGACCTGCGGCAGATCGACGCGG

TGGAAAACGATACCCGTGTTGGGTTGTGCCGGGCGCAAGGTGAGCTCGACCCGCCGTCCGGAGTGGACGC

CGACGCCTGTCGTGCGGACGAGATTCTGGATGCTGCGCTGTCGGAACATGAGACTTGGGTGATTTGAGCC

AGGAAGCCGGCAATTAGCTAATAGATTGCCGGCGTAACTGACGTATTGTAACGCTGTCCGATCCCTGGCG

CCATCTGGCGTCCGGATCGACCTATACCTCCGTCCCCCTATTTTTACCGTGCAAGGGAAACACGGACCGC

TCCGCCTCCGGCCCGCCCGAGGGGACAGGCGAGCCGGAGATGAGGGAGTGCGCGTTAGAGCCTGTGATCG

GCTCTTTGGTTCAATCCGCCTGCTTGCGCAGGAATGCCGGGATGTCGAAATGATCCATGCCCGAGCTTTC

CAGCGCGCGCACCTGGGCCGAGGCCTGGCTGCGCGGATTGCGCATGACAGACGGCATGTCCAGGTTGCGG

TAGTCGCCCTGACCGGCCGGCATCGCGCCCATGGGCATGTTGTCGGTGCCGGTGCGCAGCACTTCAGCGG

TGTTCTGCACCAGTTGCGGACGTGCTTGCGCGCGGCCCAGGCCGGTTGCGACCACGGTCACGCGCAGGTT

TTCACCCATGGACTCGTCGTAGGCGGTGCCGAAGATCACGGTGGCGTCGTCCGAAGCGTAGCTGCGGATC

GTTTCCATGATTTCGCGCGTTTCGCGCATCTTCAGCGAGCGGCTGGCGGTGATGTTGACCAGCACGCCGC

GAGCGCCGTTCAGGTCCACGCCTTCCAGCAGCGGGCAAGCGATGGCGTGCTCGGCGGCGACGCGGGCGCG

ATCCGCGCCGGAAGCCGATGCCGTGCCCATCATGGCCTGGCCCTGCTCGCCCA...

• Name the Forward AND Reverse primers you are using and provide the sequence for the primers

8F: AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG

U1492R: GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T

• Calculate the Melting temperature (Tm) of the primers.

90.0 Degrees Celsius

• Calculate the %GC content of the primers

64%

References (required)

1. A. Baeyer VV, L. Barreiros BN, MNI. Bhuiyan RT, HC. Birnboim JD, H. Bouju BR, R. Brankatschk NB, J. Chen SX, Y. Chen HZ, AE. Cribb SPS, Y. Deng YM, Y. Deng BL, I. El-Awaad MB, FLP. Gabriel AH, MJ. García-Galán MSD-C, E. Gasteiger AG, LD. Gorsky DRK, G. Guroff JR, X. Hao RJ, SG. Hays WGP, H. Heuer HS, PJ. Hillas PFF, L. Hu PMF, MME. Huijbers SM, F. Ingerslev BH-S, M. Islas-Espinoza BJR, B. Jiang AL, M. Johnson IZ, H. Kneifel KE, B. Kolvenbach NS, BA. Kolvenbach HD, S. Koren BPW, Krom MD, Kümmerer K, Lane DJ, S. Larcher VY, C. Laskov CH, KJ. Livak TDS, A. Lykidis C-LC, CM. Manaia GM, A. Marchler-Bauer YB, Martinez JL, PA. Masters TAOB, SI. Mulla AH, E. Müller WS, O. Pelz MT, S. Pérez PE, V. Perreten PB, M. Razavi NPM, PJM. Reis ACR, AC. Reis KK, PJM. Reis VH, B. Ricken PFXC, B. Ricken OF, B. Ricken BAK, B. Ricken BAK, L. Rizzo CM, JP. Sanderson FJH, AK. Sarmah MTM, Schink B, Sköld O, SR. Sørensen ZR, T. Su HD, S. Takenaka SO, W. Tappe MH, M. Taupp FH, Teuber M, E. Topp RC, S. Turner KMP, R. Ullrich MH, TP. Boeckel SG, SR. Vartoukian AA, A. Wada MK, Q. Wang GMG, S. Wang YH, A. Waterhouse MB, EH. Wintermute PAS, S. Wolf SS, ES. Wright LSY, J-H. Wu F-YW, H. Yagi DMJ, N. Yang JW, J. Ye GC, S-H. Yoon S-MH, O. Zakharieva MG, Y-B. Zhang JZ. 1899. Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by a bacterial consortium of Achromobacter denitrificans PR1 and Leucobacter sp. GP. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

2. Achromobacter denitrificans (Ruger and Tan) Coenye et al. (ATCC® 15173™).

3. Achromobacter denitrificans (Ruger and Tan) Coenye et al ATCC ® 1.

4. Awadh H, Mansour M, Aqtash O, Shweihat Y. 2017. Pneumonia due to a Rare Pathogen: Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Subspecies denitrificans. Case reports in infectious diseases. Hindawi.

5. Pradeep S, Josh MS, Binod P, Devi RS, Balachandran S, Anderson R, Benjamin S. 1970. Achromobacter denitrificans strain SP1 efficiently remediates di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.: Semantic Scholar. undefined. Semantic Scholar.

About the researcher

Michael Joseph

UF 2021

Fourth Year Microbiology Major

From Fort Myers, FL

Pre Med

Hopes to one day become a cardiologist