For designers to successfully integrate usability into the design process, they require a holistic understanding of how a product, service or system is used. Designers must identify user requirements through the use of careful observation and interviews. A clear strategy for UCD will improve acceptability and usability, reducing costs and effort, while fulfilling user requirements.

• Field research

• Method of extremes

• Observation, interviews and focus groups

• Questionnaires

• Affinity diagramming

• Participatory design, prototype and usability testing sessions

• Natural environments and usability laboratories

• Testing houses versus usability laboratories

• Advantages and disadvantages of different UCD strategies

By including potential consumers in the testing of designs and prototypes, designers gain valuable data relating to how they will interact with a product.