A physical model is a three-dimensional, tangible representation of a design or system.

• Scale models

• Aesthetic models

• Mock-ups

• Prototypes

• Instrumented models

• Applications of physical models

• Use of instrumented models to measure the level of a product’s performance and facilitate ongoing formative

evaluation and testing

• Advantages and disadvantages of using physical models

Designers use physical models to visualize information about the context that the model represents. It is very common for physical models of large objects to be scaled down and smaller objects scaled up for ease of visualization. The primary goal of physical modelling is to test aspects of a product against user requirements. Thorough testing at the design development stage ensures that an appropriate product is developed.

Physical modelling not only allows designers to explore and test their ideas, but to also present them to others. Engaging clients, focus groups and experts to interact with physical models of products allows designers to gain valuable feedback that enable them to improve the design and product-user interface