Genetics of Small and Declining Populations: Connecting Evolutionary Theory to Conservation

Dr. Leilton Luna

Research Scientist, Duke University

Abstract

Why do some species persist for generations in small, isolated populations while others become vulnerable after rapid declines? And how much of their risk of extinction is shaped by genetics? In this talk, Dr. Leilton Luna will explore these questions using two tropical songbirds—the Helmeted Manakin and the critically endangered Araripe Manakin. By comparing their evolutionary histories, he investigates how long-term small population size and recent declines may lead to different patterns of genomic inbreeding and the accumulation of deleterious mutations. He then asks whether sexual selection—differences in who gets to mate and reproduce—can help protect small populations from further inbreeding depression or make matters worse. Connecting evolutionary theory, genetics, and mating behavior, this talk challenges the idea that population size alone determines genetic vulnerability, highlighting why understanding a species’ evolutionary past and reproductive biology may be essential for predicting its future.